Production and Optimization of Xylanase Enzyme from Bacillus subtilis using Agricultural Wastes by Solid State Fermentation

Abstract

Background: Xylan, a major hemicellulosic polysaccharide found in the plant cell wall, represents up to 30-35% of the total dry weight of land plants. It is a heteropolysaccharide made up of a backbone of 1, 4-linked β-D-xylopyranosyl residues which can be substituted to varying degrees with glucopyranosyl, α-L-arabinofuranosyl, acetyl, feruloyl and/or p-coumaryl side chain groups. Hemicelluloses are used in various industries such as fuel, food, detergent, animal feed, agriculture, wine, beer, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The main objective of the study is to explore easy and cost effective method to produce the xylanase using sugar cane bagasse, wheat bran and rice bran as substrates, which is an agro waste. Materials and Methods: Xylanase producing bacteria were isolated from soil. Among the isolates, three strains show the maximum activity on xylan agar plates. Among the three strains, a strain was shows maximum enzyme activity, which was measured by Dinitro Salicylic Acid (DNS) method. The isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis and which was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Optimization of the fermentation medium for production of maximum xylanase was carried out via solid state fermentation (SSF). Results: The highest production of xylanase was obtained on 3% xylose as a carbon source, 3% malt extract as a nitrogen source and 3% sugarcane bagasse at 40°C, pH 9, 3.5% Inoculum level at 48 hr. Bacillus subtilis are capable to produce the xylanase. Conclusion:The isolated strain Bacillus subtilis shows the maximum level of xylanase production at pH 9.0 and 40°C temperature on 48 hr incubation on 3% xylose, 3% malt extract and 3% sugarcane bagasse as a substrate during solid state fermentation.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Isolates from Soil Samples and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Potential against MDRS

“…Isolated bacterial strains were partially characterized based on different sugars fermentation and biochemical tests. These results showed similarities with previous literature [ 24 ].…”

Bacterial Communities Associated with the Cycling of Non-Starch Polysaccharides and Phytate in Aquaponics Systems

“…In this study, seven Bacilli strains were able to secrete xylanases, the least common carbohydrase detected. Different studies have cloned and characterised xylanases from B. subtilis [43], and many other Bacillus are known to harbour xylanases [44]. In this study, five B. subtilis were isolated, but only three (2Aq, 7Aq, and 23Aq) were positive for xylanase activity, whereas two isolates 8Aq and 13Aq were negative for this activity.…”

Bacterial Communities Associated with the Cycling of Non-Starch Polysaccharides and Phytate in Aquaponics Systems

“…In this study, seven Bacilli strains were able to secrete xylanases, the least common carbohydrase detected. Different studies have cloned and characterised xylanases from B. subtilis (Marimuthu et al 2019), and many other Bacillus are known to harbour xylanases (Subramaniyan and Prema 2002). In this study, five B. subtilis have been isolated, but only three (2Aq, 7Aq and 23Aq) were positive for xylanase activity, whereas two isolates 8Aq and 13Aq were negative for this activity.…”