Production and Properties of Copper Slag

Dhir, Ravindra K.; Brito, Jorge de; Mangabhai, Raman; Lye, Chao Qun

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100986-4.00003-1

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…For the recovery of gold from its tailings, several technologies such as flotation and cyanidation are available. − Copper tailings have adverse environmental effects due to their acidic content; they also have a significant economic value . Nowadays, popular management choices for copper slag include recycling, metal recovery, value-added item production (e.g., abrasive tools, granules for roofing, cutting tools, abrasive tools, tiles, glass, railroad ballast, and asphalt paving), and disposal in slag dumps and stockpiles. ,− The spent refinery catalysts for metal recovery are significant potential sources for both base and critical metals such as Ni, Co, Mo, W, V, Cr, and Cu …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Recyclability of Industrial Waste for Anthropogenic Circularity: A Circular Economy Approach

Kanwal

Zeng

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Recycling industrial waste has become a favorable option to sustain future industrial development under the anthropogenic circularity philosophy. The lack of scientific identification for recycling has seriously declined the treatment and disposal of industrial waste. This study started the primary endeavor to measure the recyclability of industrial waste. It aimed to use the clarified recyclability to support policymakers improve the circular economy of industrial waste, particularly at the metal recycling stage; in the meantime, developing effective strategies and systems for waste management. To achieve that, we defined various metal grades in the selected industrial waste and then combined the grade with the statistical entropy function to form an innovative model for estimating the recyclability. The results suggest that industrial waste exhibiting high recyclability (e.g., red mud) reflects low disorder and eminent recycling; industrial waste that indicates a low recycling value (e.g., gold tailings) offers easy recycling. Moreover, the created recyclability map identified three recycling zones (difficult, moderate, and easy) useful for enhancing recycling. This model and the results could be employed as a method to design strategies and prioritize the recycling list of industrial waste.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Recyclability of Industrial Waste for Anthropogenic Circularity: A Circular Economy Approach

Kanwal

Zeng

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In 2017, the worldwide production of FC was predicted to be approximately 12 million tonnes. It is also predicted to grow by about 3.6 percent per year to catch up with the increasing demand [21][22][23]. South Africa, which has the most chromite deposits, is the world's leading producer of FC, followed by China [24].…”

Section: Research Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to standard limestone aggregate, ferrochrome slag as coarse aggregate exhibits more relative density [21]. FCS has a specific gravity spanning between 2.64 to 3.20.…”

Section: Physical and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Characterization of Ferrochrome Slag and Ferrochrome Ash as Sustainable Materials in Construction

Kumar¹,

Keshav

Sivanantham³

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Ferrochrome slag (FCS) and ferrochrome ash (FCA) are by-products generated during the production of ferrochrome alloy in the ferrochrome industry. The use of these by-products as construction materials appears to be an innovative strategy that could provide numerous environmental and socio-economic benefits. However, the residual chromium present in ferrochrome by-products may have some negative effects on the surrounding environment also. In a nutshell, this study provides a thorough and critical examination of ferrochrome slag and ferrochrome ash’s suitability for construction, as well as a list of the major shortcomings that must be addressed to accomplish construction sustainability. A detailed summary of the physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of ferrochrome slag and ferrochrome ash was presented in the study. Ferrochrome slag from previous studies is said to exhibit better mechanical properties compared to conventional coarse aggregates which contributed to better mechanical properties of concrete. The application of ferrochrome slag as a substitute for natural sand, on the other hand, is considered to have a detrimental impact. As a reason, further research is necessary to determine the impact of replacing conventional fine aggregate with ferrochrome slag on the various mechanical and durability properties of concrete. Ferrochrome ash from previous studies can be used as a partial replacement for cement and unlike FCS, FCA is nonhazardous since no residual chromium traces were present in FCA. Furthermore, the protracted safety and effect on the surrounding environment of ferrochrome slag containing concrete in a variety of exposure conditions have to be fully examined in the near future.

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“…The main chemical components in CS include Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, ZnO, MgO, SO 3 , CuO [ 19 ]. The main mineral phases are Fe 2 SiO 4 , Fe 3 O 4 , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , ZnO, FeAl 2 O 4 , 2MgO∙SiO 2 and MgAl 2 O 4 [ 20 ]. The concentration of glass in different kinds of CS varies substantially due to the diverse cooling processes, resulting in different ways of utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review

2022

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This paper discusses a sustainable way to prepare construction materials from metallurgical slags. Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. However, they have some adverse effects that could significantly limit their applications when used in cement-based materials. The setting time is significantly delayed when steel slag is utilized as an SCM. With the addition of 30% steel slag, the initial setting time and final setting time are delayed by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. Because the specific gravity of metallurgical slags is 10–40% higher than that of natural aggregates, metallurgical slags tend to promote segregation when utilized as aggregates. Furthermore, some metallurgical slags deteriorate the microstructure of hardened pastes, resulting in higher porosity, lower mechanical properties, and decreased durability. In terms of safety, there are issues with the soundness of steel slag, the alkali-silica reaction involving cement and electric furnace ferronickel slag, and the environmental safety concerns, due to the leaching of heavy metals from copper slag and lead-zinc slag.

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Production and Properties of Copper Slag

Cited by 14 publications

References 84 publications

Mapping Recyclability of Industrial Waste for Anthropogenic Circularity: A Circular Economy Approach

Mapping Recyclability of Industrial Waste for Anthropogenic Circularity: A Circular Economy Approach

Comprehensive Characterization of Ferrochrome Slag and Ferrochrome Ash as Sustainable Materials in Construction

Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review

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