Production of 3D-printed disposable electrochemical sensors for glucose detection using a conductive filament modified with nickel microparticles

Additive Manufacturable Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Electrodes

“…fabricated a Ni–G–PLA electrode, and found that a 36‐fold increase in anodic peak can be achieved using a combination of polymer saponification and electrochemical activation in the presence of 0.5 mol L −1 sodium hydroxide. [ 243 ] This was verified using SEM images that revealed the process partially removed the PLA, whilst exposing Ni particles. In addition, electrochemical activation can be used with carbonaceous‐composited filaments to form reduced graphene oxide.…”

Recent progress of conductive 3D-printed electrodes based upon polymers/carbon nanomaterials using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) method as emerging electrochemical sensing devices

“…For metal hydroxide, it has been reported that the addition of nickel( ii ) hydroxide (NiOH 2 ) microparticles within a PLA/graphene matrix can produce a non-enzymatic 3D-printed electrode for creating a glucose sensor, in which NiOH 2 can act as an electrocatalyst for glucose. 61–63 By contrast, ought to be interesting if conductive thermoplastic nanocomposite filaments are developed to be utilised in fabricating 3D-printed electrodes for photoelectrochemical sensors, 64,65 or biosensors 66,67 without modification of the electrode surfaces. This can be achieved by integrating tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), 68 or titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) 69 particles within polymer/carbon nanomaterial matrixes.…”

Emerging graphene-based sensors for the detection of food adulterants and toxicants – A review

“…In this context, the ever-falling cost of optoelectronics and availability of a wider range of programmable systems are quite promising. Further, emerging technologies such as 3D printing can be of great use for researchers since they can allow the rapid prototyping and field testing of low-cost sensors (Rocha et al, 2020).…”