Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid feedstock using heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from palm-fruit-bunch

Choksi, Himanshu; Pandian, Sivakumar; Arumugamurthi, Sakthi Saravanan; Sivanandi, Periyasamy; Sircar, Anirbid; Booramurthy, Vijaya Kumar

doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1623953

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The use of non-edible feedstocks for the production of biofuels is more socio-economically significant than the use of edible feedstocks due to the enormous need for food and the fact that they are not sustainable when utilized as fuel. However, a significant disadvantage of the numerous number of non-edible feedstocks is their high concentration of free fatty acids and moisture content, [126][127][128] which drives up the cost of producing biofuels due to the additional processing needed. 129,130 Higher concentrations of water and free fatty acids in feedstocks are undesirable for the production of biofuels since they lead to unfavorable conditions such soap formation and the consumption of alkali catalysts through the saponification reaction, which lowers catalyst efficiency and yield.…”

Section: Outlook and Research Potential For Non-edible Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Kichonge

Kivevele

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Given the benefits of biofuels over conventional fuels, there is concern that widespread production of biofuels from edible feedstocks to meet demand will lead to food insecurity and other socioeconomic challenges. Thus, the goal of this research is to look into the techno‐economic potential of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as primary feedstocks for biofuel production in Africa. The inability of biofuel to cope in the fuel market has been demonstrated to be due to the high production costs, which limit profitability because the end price is heavily influenced by that of conventional fuel. However, the high production costs are entirely due not only to components such as feedstock, conversion processes, and infrastructure but also to a lack of techno‐economic assessment (TEA). African biofuel production can be competitively industrialized through the adoption of strong supportive policies and programs. Adoption of these policies and programs is critical for capitalizing on the benefits of non‐edible feedstocks in biofuel production while also boosting rural development through job creation. Techno‐economic assessment of conversion processes and infrastructure is recommended to provide a clear picture of the techno‐economic aspects, serving as a blueprint for the design of biofuel production facilities. Further, TEA has been shown to be a useful tool in the development process of new technologies aimed at lowering overall production costs and making biofuel more affordable. The combination of TEA and enabling policies and programs will increase the price competitiveness of biofuels, allowing them to capture a sizable share of the fuel market.

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Section: Outlook and Research Potential For Non-edible Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Kichonge

Kivevele

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…In this direction, mineral acids are catalytically efficient in the production of fatty acids of methyl esters (FAMEs) through esterification. 10 However, due to some disadvantages such as non-recoverability of methyl ester easily, corrosive property of catalyst causes them difficult to use in large-scale production of FAMEs. Several heterogeneous catalysts have been widely used for the esterification of oleic acid in the presence of methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐modified NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for the production of biodiesel from fatty acids and microalgae lipids Dunaliella salina

Pandey,

Kumar,

Prasad

et al. 2024

Applied Organom Chemis

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Development of a new and sustainable catalyst is necessary to the society for providing economical technology. Surface modification of nanometal oxides is one of the rapidly growing methods for developing a sustainable catalyst with attractive properties than their parent oxide. In this work, surface‐modified nickel ferrites have been carried out using 4,4′‐biphenyldisulfonic acid (BPDSA) as the linker. Thus, obtained modified material has been characterized using different techniques such as DLS, FT‐IR, TGA, XRD, VSM, and XPS. This well‐characterized, stable, robust, recyclable material offers a good conversion in the fatty acid, that is, oleic acid esterification in the presence of methanol in a short period of time (3.0 h). Based on the kinetic study in the oleic acid esterification, it fits in the pseudo first‐order kinetics, and activation energy was found to be 60.0 kJ/mol. Further, the potentiality of our catalyst was also tested in the transesterification of various raw materials like mustard oil, olive oil, almond oil, and neem oil. In addition, it provides an excellent conversion with microalgae lipid extraction for the production of biodiesel. The kinematic viscosity of the methyl oleate (biodiesel) has been found to be 5.0426 mm2/s at 25°C whereas the dynamic viscosity is 6.0511 mPa, which is nearly the same as biodiesel obtained from Dunaliella salina, microalgae lipid.

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“…Rice husk‐based catalyst produced 98.6% yield of biodiesel at 75 °C, 12:1 of methanol‐to‐used‐cooking‐oil, with a 4 wt% catalyst after 240 min 33 . A solid acid catalyst synthesized from palm fruit bunch was utilized in the transesterification of low‐grade feedstock and gave 88.5% yield of biodiesel with optimized reaction parameters 34 . Bamboo and palm kernel shell‐derived acid catalysts were used in biodiesel production and reported for 94.2 and 95.8% FAME yield respectively 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 A solid acid catalyst synthesized from palm fruit bunch was utilized in the transesterification of lowgrade feedstock and gave 88.5% yield of biodiesel with optimized reaction parameters. 34 Bamboo and palm kernel shell-derived acid catalysts were used in biodiesel production and reported for 94.2 and 95.8% FAME yield respectively. 35 Catalyst derived from sugarcane leaf ash at 64 °C, catalyst concentration of 5 wt%, and 19:1 of methanol to oil gave 97% yield of biodiesel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste sugarcane bagasse‐derived nanocatalyst for microwave‐assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study

Nazir

Ayoub

Zahid

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The production of biodiesel has increased globally during the last decade to overcome the problems of increasing prices of petro-diesel and the depletion of fossil fuels. The present study aimed to utilize agro-waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to synthesize a heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil. Waste sugarcane bagasse was converted into biochar through partial carbonization and activated via sulfonation by using acid solutions of different concentration i.e., 1M, 3M, 5M and concentrated sulfuric acid at a sulfonation temperature of 180 °C for 5 h. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur (CHNS) analyzer. The prepared catalyst exhibited an excellent surface area of 20.78 m 2 g -1 and a total acid density of 3.94 mmol g -1 . The biodiesel production process was optimized by varying reaction temperature from (40-70 °C), methanol to oil molar ratio (5:1-20:1), catalyst loading (1-7 wt.%) and reaction time (5-25 min) by using a microwave reactor. The maximum conversion of 95.45% and yield of 92.12% was obtained under optimum conditions: catalyst loading 5 wt%, methanol-to-oil molar ratio (15:1), temperature (60 °C) after 15 min. The results of the experiments were validated by using response surface methodology, which validated the predicted model. The kinetic study of experiments showed that the use of sulfonated catalysts lowered the Original Article: Biodiesel under the influence of microwave heating MH Nazir et al.

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Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid feedstock using heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from palm-fruit-bunch

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Surface‐modified NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for the production of biodiesel from fatty acids and microalgae lipids Dunaliella salina

Waste sugarcane bagasse‐derived nanocatalyst for microwave‐assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study

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Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid feedstock using heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from palm-fruit-bunch

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Surface‐modified NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the production of biodiesel from fatty acids and microalgae lipids Dunaliella salina

Waste sugarcane bagasse‐derived nanocatalyst for microwave‐assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study

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Surface‐modified NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for the production of biodiesel from fatty acids and microalgae lipids Dunaliella salina