Production of interferon-gamma in families with multiple occurrence of schizophrenia

Arolt, Volker; Weitzsch, Christine; Wilke, I.; Nolte, Achim; Pinnow, Marlene; Rothermundt, Matthias; Kirchner, Holger

doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(96)03023-5

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our results confirm the association between acute schizophrenia and low IL-2 production, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] but also clearly confirm our earlier results 30 which showed a decreased IFN-␥ production in acute schizophrenia. Deficient lymphocyte productions of both IL-2 and IFN-␥ were also found throughout the time period of clinical remission, which were also significantly intercorrelated with one another at all three time-points of the investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The data suggesting a decreased production of IFN-␥ during acute schizophrenia directly support the idea that autoimmune activity plays an important role in pathogenesis. 2 The fact that this feature was observed only in the acutely ill, but not in the residual patients 15,30 is also worthy of note. Furthermore, as with type-I diabetes, where low IL-2 production is obviously acquired, and not inherited, 36 we found decreased IFN-␥ production in the acutely schizophrenic, but not in unaffected first degree relatives within families showing multiple occurrence of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Production Of: Il-2 (T1) Il-2 (T2) Il-2 (T3) Ifn-␥ (T1) Ifn-mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, as with type-I diabetes, where low IL-2 production is obviously acquired, and not inherited, 36 we found decreased IFN-␥ production in the acutely schizophrenic, but not in unaffected first degree relatives within families showing multiple occurrence of schizophrenia. 30 This finding also suggests that the deficit is associated with the active disease, rather than with a genetic predisposition.…”

Section: Production Of: Il-2 (T1) Il-2 (T2) Il-2 (T3) Ifn-␥ (T1) Ifn-mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…15 Recently this finding could be confirmed in samples of hospitalized acutely psychotic schizophrenics 29 and in acutely schizophrenic members of multiplex families. 30 However, as in the majority of studies in this area, only a cross-sectional approach was employed, which did not yield any information about changes in cytokine production while patients were undergoing remission. 31 Encouraged by our preliminary findings, patients undergoing treatment due to worsening of schizoMolecular Psychiatry phrenic symptoms were investigated in this study and the production of IFN-␥ and IL-2 by lymphocytes of patients and healthy age-and gender-matched controls were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased in vitro production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in whole blood of patients with schizophrenia during treatment

et al. 2000

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A pattern of aberrations in the T-cell cytokine system that is typical for autoimmune disorders has also been reported in patients with schizophrenia, namely a decreased interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and increased levels of the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R). It has also been reported that the production of interferon-␥ (IFN-␥) may be lowered. In a longitudinal design, we studied the production of both IFN-␥ and IL-2 and their correlation in patients with schizophrenia during treatment and investigated whether associations exist between cytokine production and clinical variables. The production of IFN-␥ and IL-2 was measured in equal numbers (n = 29) of patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) and controls who were matched for age and gender. Patients were measured 1 day after admission (T1), after 14 (T2) and 28 (T2) days of treatment. Psychopathology was assessed after these times. The production of both IFN-␥ and IL-2 was significantly lower in patients than in controls throughout the whole investigation period (T1-T3). The productions of both cytokines were significantly correlated in controls (r = 0.60, P Յ 0.001) as well as in patients with schizophrenia (mean production T1-T3: r = 0.71, P Յ 0.001). No associations between cytokine measurements and psychopathology or age-at-onset could be found. Our findings of lowered and correlated IFN-␥ and IL-2 production indicate that alterations in the cytokine system of patients with schizophrenia might resemble those in autoimmune disorders. It is suggested that these immunological abnormalities are associated with acute exacerbation, rather than with a clinical subtype of schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 150-158.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Production Of: Il-2 (T1) Il-2 (T2) Il-2 (T3) Ifn-␥ (T1) Ifn-mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Production Of: Il-2 (T1) Il-2 (T2) Il-2 (T3) Ifn-␥ (T1) Ifn-mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Decreased in vitro production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in whole blood of patients with schizophrenia during treatment

et al. 2000

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show abstract

“…Although they show that subjects with schizophrenia had comparable serum IL-2 [13][14][15][16] , TNF-α [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] , IL-4 16 , IL-10 24 , and IFN-γ 13, 25-27 levels with healthy controls, much more empirical findings concerning the major Th1 cytokine, IFN-γ, in vitro production 16,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and Th2 cytokine, IL-6, serum, plasma, and CSF levels 16,17,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] revealed under-production of Th1-cytokines, however, over-production of Th2-cytokines in schizophrenia. They suggest a possible Th1/Th2 imbalance in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%