Production of phenol-rich bio-oil during catalytic fixed-bed and microwave pyrolysis of palm kernel shell

Omoriyekomwan, Joy Esohe; Tahmasebi, Arash; Yu, Jianglong

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.002

Cited by 157 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, porcelain is also a microwave transparent material so that microwave radiation can penetrate through the porcelain reactor and radiate directly the OPS for the pyrolysis reaction to occur . Currently, quartz reactors that can withstand high temperatures (up to 1100 °C) and are transparent to microwave radiation are commonly used in microwave pyrolysis research . However, a quartz reactor is comparatively difficult to fabricate in large size and is around 25 times more expensive than a porcelain reactor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 Currently, quartz reactors that can withstand high temperatures (up to 1100 ∘ C) and are transparent to microwave radiation are commonly used in microwave pyrolysis research. [42][43][44] However, a quartz reactor is comparatively difficult to fabricate in large size and is around 25 times more expensive than a porcelain reactor. Hence, a porcelain reactor was tested in this study in order to investigate its suitability for use as a pyrolysis reactor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

102

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BACKGROUND Oil palm shell (OPS) is a biomass widely available from palm oil mills. Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis (SPMP) was performed to produce carbon‐rich biochar from OPS for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The effect of feedstock amount on the pyrolysis temperature, yield and characteristics of the biochar were investigated. RESULT The amount of feedstock was directly proportional to the final pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis reached a maximum final temperature of 760 °C when ≥300 g of OPS was loaded into the reactor without microwave absorbent. A heating rate of up to 105 °C min−1 was recorded, producing a yield of 40 wt% of biochar at a short processing time of 20 min. The biochar obtained at 700 °C showed relatively low volatile matter (24 wt%), higher fixed carbon content (66 wt%), carbon (78.5 wt%), oxygen (17.7 wt%), a highly porous structure with high BET surface area of 410 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.16 cm3 g−1, and recorded a methylene blue dye adsorption efficiency of 20 mg g−1. CONCLUSION The SPMP approach showed exceptional promise to produce biochar with low H/C ratio (0.5) and O/C ratio (0.2), which indicated a high degree of carbonization and stability of the biochar to act as a durable agent in wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

102

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“…On the other hand, with the addition of rice husk char and rice husk char-supported metallic catalysts, the relative content of simple organic compounds increased, whereas that of the aromatic organic compounds and sugars decreased. Omoriyekomwan et al reported a comparison between a catalytic fixed-bed and microwave pyrolysis of palm kernel shell using activated carbon and lignite char as catalysts and microwave receptors [104]. The results showed that the catalytic microwave pyrolysis configuration significantly enhanced the selectivity of phenol production; the highest concentration of phenol in bio-oil and total phenolics concentration were obtained at 500 • C, in the presence of activated carbon.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Pyrolysis In-situ Upgradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwaves and Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Review on Selected Catalytic Processes

et al. 2020

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Since the late 1980s, the scientific community has been attracted to microwave energy as an alternative method of heating, due to the advantages that this technology offers over conventional heating technologies. In fact, differently from these, the microwave heating mechanism is a volumetric process in which heat is generated within the material itself, and, consequently, it can be very rapid and selective. In this way, the microwave-susceptible material can absorb the energy embodied in the microwaves. Application of the microwave heating technique to a chemical process can lead to both a reduction in processing time as well as an increase in the production rate, which is obtained by enhancing the chemical reactions and results in energy saving. The synthesis and sintering of materials by means of microwave radiation has been used for more than 20 years, while, future challenges will be, among others, the development of processes that achieve lower greenhouse gas (e.g., CO 2 ) emissions and discover novel energy-saving catalyzed reactions. A natural choice in such efforts would be the combination of catalysis and microwave radiation. The main aim of this review is to give an overview of microwave applications in the heterogeneous catalysis, including the preparation of catalysts, as well as explore some selected microwave assisted catalytic reactions. The review is divided into three principal topics: (i) introduction to microwave chemistry and microwave materials processing; (ii) description of the loss mechanisms and microwave-specific effects in heterogeneous catalysis; and (iii) applications of microwaves in some selected chemical processes, including the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts.A chemical process is conventionally energized by means of conductive heating with a steam boiler as a typical heat source. Nevertheless, a large variety of other forms of energy can be applied for PI, including ultrasounds (for reactions or crystal nucleation), light (in photocatalytic processes), electric fields (in extraction or for orientation of molecules), or microwaves. The microwave (dielectric) heating of materials has been known for a long time, and microwave ovens have been developed from more than 60 years. The studies by Gedye et al. in 1986 and 1988 [3,4] opened a period of very intensive investigation of the microwave effects on chemical reactions in homogeneous systems. Since then, hundreds of research papers have been published, and research has also expanded toward heterogeneous catalysis and its related chemical processes. This review gives an overview of the application of microwave technology to heterogeneous catalysis, including various chemical processes, as well as to the preparation of catalysts.

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“…Bu işlemler daha çok kömürün gazlaştırılması için kullanılsa da, farklı atık türlerinin pirolizine ve gazlaştırılmasına dair bir çok çalışma bulunmaktadır [15][16][17]. Arıtma çamurları içerdiği yüksek oranda karbonlu bileşikler dolayısıyla piroliz işlemine uygun atıklardır.…”

Section: öNceki̇ çAlişmalarunclassified

Süt Endüstrisi Arıtma Çamuru Pirolizinde Sıcaklığın ve Parçacık Boyutunun Sentez Gaz Oluşumuna Etkisi

Özcan¹,

Öngen²,

Özbaş³

2016

Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

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ÖzetSüt endüstrisi atıksu arıtma çamurları genel itibariyle yüksek miktarda organik içeriğe sahiptir. İhtiva ettikleri kalorifik değer bu çamurların alternatif bir enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılabilmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Günümüzde faydalanılabilir enerji kaynaklarının kısıtlı olması ve artan enerji ihtiyacını karşılamakta yetersiz kalmasından dolayı alternatif enerji kaynakları için yeni teknolojiler geliştirilmektedir. Piroliz, biyokütleden enerjiyle birlikte katı (biyo çar) sıvı (biyo yağ) gaz (sentez gaz) ürünlerin üretildiği en önemli termokimyasal proseslerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, süt endüstrisi arıtma çamuru pirolizinde farklı hammadde boyutunun (<0,5 cm, 1-5 cm, 5-10 cm) ve sıcaklığın (500C, 750C) sentez gaz oluşumuna etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, en yüksek kalorifik değere sahip sente gaz, 1-5 cm hammadde boyutu ve 750C sıcaklıkta, 4394 kcal/m 3 ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sentez gaz miktarları ve ısıl değerler, süt endüstrisi atıksu arıtma çamurlarının alternatif bir enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceği öngörüsünü desteklemiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Piroliz, Arıtma çamuru, Atıktan enerji, Sentez gaz Effect of Temperature and Particle Size on Diary Industry Treatment Sludge Pyrolysis AbstractDairy industry wastewater treatment sludge consists of high organic content. The calorific value of wastewater treatment sludge ensures the use of these wastes as an alternative energy resource. New technologies and alternative energy resources have been researched due to ever-increasing need for

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Production of phenol-rich bio-oil during catalytic fixed-bed and microwave pyrolysis of palm kernel shell

Cited by 157 publications

References 33 publications

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Microwaves and Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Review on Selected Catalytic Processes

Süt Endüstrisi Arıtma Çamuru Pirolizinde Sıcaklığın ve Parçacık Boyutunun Sentez Gaz Oluşumuna Etkisi

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