Production of Sc nuclides in the interaction ofU238with 1-300 GeV protons

Heavy target fragment yields in the interaction of 28 GeV protons with 238U

“…Also tabulated in Table I for comparison with thc present data arc other measurcmcnts of the target fragment yields in the interaction of "" with protons of energy 1 1.5-29 GeV. (At proton encrgics above 10 GcV, the target fragment yields are known to be cssentially indcpcndcnt of proton energy (8,18). )…”

“…one half of the target and its associated mylar catcher foils were subjected to direct y-ray spectroscopy, whilc a chemFal group separation procedure was applied to the other 33.5 mg/cm-U foil half without its catcher foils. In thc former case, all of the target fragments should have been stopped in thc U foil-catcher assembly (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15); in the latter case, attention was focused on the yields of the heavy (160 5 A 5 210) fragments and bascd upon prior experiments on the ranges of n-deficient heavy rare-earth nuclides (12). only a negligible fraction of the total yield of these products should escape from the U foil.…”

Deep spallation cross sections in high energy protons ? Uranium interactions

“…These authors have integrated the energy spectra to obtain values of the cross section as a function of atomic number, and for instance, 22 mb for P, 23 mb for S, 20 mb for C1 and 21 mb for Ar. To make more accurate our comparison, we have used experimental excitation functions of scandium nuclides formed in the interaction of a38U with high energy protons [31] : the mean increase of cross section between 5 GeV and E,>ll.5 GeV is about 1.35. If we multiply the above Westfall's results by this factor, we obtain the Table 4 below.…”

“…Our calculation leads to 26.4 mb. The mean value for the total cross section of scandium in uranium by GeV protons (Ep >= 11.5 GeV) has been determined from [30,31,32]: 26.7+__1.1 mb. Our work gives 25.4 mb.…”

“…This is probably not absolutely true for the heaviest of them (A > 65) where a little fission contribution may appear for neutron excess isotopes. Potassium [-29] and Scandium [30,31,32] isotopes formed in uranium by GeV protons are the main experimental results that we shall use in this mass range.…”