Production pf Potent Inactivated Vaccines with Ultraviolet Irradiation: IV. Vaccination Against Bacillary Dysentery

The Ultraviolet Irradiation of Biological Fluids in Thin-Flowing Films

“…Because sterilization results within limits were good, such cells were used for many years in the production of highly antigenic rabies vaccines,13 and also for the irradiation of pathogens and plasma. [14][15][16][17][18][19] It was apparent, however, that satisfactory conditions for volume irradiation could not be achieved by the restriction of the flowing films within rigidly fixed cell type units. scribed which utilized centrifugal force to create the films of fluid, but with gravity providing the only means of moving the film.9"1l2 Because centrifugal force is opposing gravity flow in this type of apparatus, films below approximately 100 microns in thickness are difficult to maintain satisfactorily.…”

“…Plasma and Serum SterilizationThe Centrifilmer has been used extensively for the sterilization of blood serum and plasma. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In this category it should be emphasized that "sterilized" means to render completely free of contaminating bacteria and viruses, namely, all infectious agents. In general, the amount of ultraviolet energy necessary to effect such a complete kill can be applied to serum and plasma without causing denaturation or other deleterious changes in the components.…”

Mucin as a Resistance-Lowering Substance

“…When these experiments were carried out with bacterial species which do not produce exotoxins and do not contain labile antigens in additions to the somatic antigen, the results obtained in vivo with the aid of the mucin technic correspond to those obtained with the in vitro titration of antibodies. The mucin technic was employed in immunization experiments with Hemophilus influenzae (24), H. pertussis (79), ShigeUa paradysenteria (78,86) and Vibrio cholerae (28,74).…”

“…In the case of Shigella dysenteriae, the results of the immunization experiments were sometimes obscured by the presence of the neurotoxin in addition to the somatic antigen. In active immunization experiments, somatic antigen (5), vaccines (78), as well as toxoids (21,65) were employed. In passive immunization experiments, the mucin technic proved to be useful in comparative studies of the effects of antibacterial and antitoxic sera (67,81).…”

Mucin as a Resistance-Lowering Substance

“…12 additions to the somatic antigen, the results obtained in vivo with the aid of the mucin technic correspond to those obtained with the in vitro titration of antibodies. The mucin technic was employed in immunization experiments with Hemophilus influenzae (24), H. pertussis (79), ShigeUa paradysenteria (78,86) and Vibrio cholerae (28,74).…”