The Ultraviolet Irradiation of Biological Fluids in Thin-Flowing Films

Abstract

This study is concerned with the use of ultraviolet irradiation for sterilizing or inactivating viruses and bacteria in biological fluid preparations. Of special interest for public health are a discussion of the biological effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation of fluids, and a description of an apparatus for uniform exposure of microthin films to irradiation.

Inactivation of Viruses during Ultraviolet Light Treatment of Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Albumin

“…By 1955, this was abandoned following a fairly careful dem onstration showing that efficacious sterilisation of plasma could only be achieved by dosages of radiation that inacti vated serum components [23,24], However, it has been suggested that the early studies might not have been that accurate, and often more than one wavelength was used. More recent work suggests that a process for eliminating some viruses might be attainable based on values for ret rovirus inactivation and FVIII activity [24], This optimis tic view of UV irradiation persists and various thin-layer forming devices continued to be evaluated [25], The UV irradiation continues to offer a process which requires no addition of chemicals or photodynamic agents, such as psoralens [26] or ß-propiolactone [27], It is also reason ably rapid for selected virus groups especially singlestranded nucleic acids which show less resistance to UV radiation [24], HIV can be inactivated by UV irradiation at doses of 10,000 J/m2 [28] when a UV wavelength of 254 nm (UVC) was used and it was found that 2 logs of HIV could be inactivated by UV at the dose of 5,000 J/m2 [29]. Also recent investigation of gamma radiation would suggest that UV still remains a better alternative for a well-defined and selected process.…”

“…More ieccnt work suggests that a process for eliminating some vir~ises might be attainable based on values for retrovirur inactivation and FVlII activity [24]. This optimistic view o f UV irradiation persisls and various thin-layer forming devices continued to be evaluated [25]. The UV irradiation continues to offer a process which requires no addition of chemicals or photodynamic agents, such as psoralcns [26] or fi-propiolactone [27].…”

Sterilization and Storage of Saliva

“…One ml. treated saliva was inoculated into [15][16][17][18][19][20] ml. broth and incubated aerobically at 370 C. for 72 hours before results were recorded.…”

“…19 Briefly, this instrument-the "Centrifilmer"-consists of a rotating conical stainless-steel bowl of large volume in which is suspended an ultraviolet lamp unit, consisting of six special glass# or quartz tubes. Liquids to be sterilized are exposed to the radiation as they flow up the sides of the rotating bowl.…”

Inactivation of Adenovirus and Simian Virus 40 Tumorigenicity in Hamsters by Vaccine Processing Methods

“…The strain pool samples were obtained, as noted, from actual vaccine production processing steps. The adenovirus vaccine inactivation process is a three-phase process in which the filtered virus suspension is treated with formaldehyde at a concentration of 0.031 M, incubated at 37 C for 48 hr (in two steps), subjected to 25 incident watts of ultraviolet (UV) light in a Centriffilmer (25), and, finally, treated for another 4 hr at 37 C with j3-propiolactone (BPL) at a final concentration of 0.014 M. This procedure and individual phases of it were duplicated experimentally and used on the type 12 and type 7 (Pinckney) adenovirus and SV-40 preparations. Specific parts of the inactivation procedure were evaluated by testing experimentally prepared samples.…”