Productivity of Alfalfa, Sainfoin, and Cicer Milkvetch on Subirrigated Land When Grazed by Sheep

Smoliak, S.; Hanna, M. R.

doi:10.4141/cjps75-065

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Fed at 10% of alfalfa DMI, sainfoin herbage supplied 0.35 to 0.46% CT in the diet, which was sufficient to reduce the incidence of bloat. Persistence of sainfoin under grazing conditions can be improved through effective management of grazing intensity, moisture, season of grazing and maturity of grazed forage (Smoliak and Hanna 1975;Mowrey and Matches 1991;Mowrey and Volesky 1993). Co-cultivation of alfalfa with this CT-containing legume is a readily implementable strategy that could increase productivity of cattle on pasture at a relatively low cost.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sainfoin on in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa and bloat in steers

McMahon¹,

Majak²,

McAllister³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1999. Effect of sainfoin on in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa and bloat in steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 203-212. The effects of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on digestion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Fresh alfalfa and sainfoin were incubated in an artificial rumen (Rusitec) in ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (as-fed). Disappearances of dry matter and N from sainfoin were 77 and 65% of those from alfalfa, respectively. Protease and endoglucanase activities, NH 3 -N and methane production declined (P < 0.05) as sainfoin increased. Bacterial numbers and microbial outputs were unchanged (P > 0.05), but cells incorporated more 15 NH 3 N as sainfoin in the diet increased. Chopped leaves (100:0, 95:5 and 90:10 alfalfa:sainfoin) were incubated for 48 h with diluted ruminal fluid containing 0 or 50 mg polyethylene glycol, which binds tannins. Gas and volatile fatty acid productions were similar (P > 0.05) across treatments, but including 10% sainfoin (without polyethylene glycol) reduced (P < 0.05) NH 3 concentrations between 8 and 24 h. Sainfoin tannins reduced degradation of forage protein without affecting the digestibility of the nonprotein fraction. Alfalfa herbage was fed alone or with early-to full-bloom sainfoin herbage (at 10 or 20% of ad libitum alfalfa dry matter intake) or with sainfoin hay or pellets, to eight Jersey steers in crossover trials conducted over 4 yr. Including sainfoin in the diet reduced (P < 0.001) the incidence of bloat by 45 to 93% in 3 of 4 yr, irrespective of the form in which it was supplied. Co-feeding sainfoin can markedly reduce the incidence of bloat in ruminants consuming fresh alfalfa. De l'herbage de sainfoin et de luzerne étaient mis à incuber dans un rumen artificiel (Rusitec) dans les proportions, en l'état, de 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 et 0:100. La digestibilité apparente de la m.s. et du N du sainfoin correspondait, respectivement, à 77 % et 65 % des valeurs obtenues pour la luzerne. Les activités de la protéase et de l'endoglucanase de même que la production de N ammoniacal et de méthane diminuaient (P < 0,05) à mesure qu'augmentait la proportion de sainfoin. Par ailleurs, les numérations bactériennes et les apports microbiens restaient inchangés (P > 0,05), mais les cellules microbiennes incorporaient plus de 15 NH 3 -N. Des feuilles hachées (100:0, 95:0 et 90:10 luzerne:sainfoin) étaient mises à incuber pendant 48 h en présence de liquide ruminal dilué contenant 0 ou 50 mg de polyéthylène glycol (PEG), substance qui a pour effet de lier les tanins. Les productions de gaz et d'AGL étaient du même ordre (P > 0,05) d'un traitement à l'autre, mais l'inclusion de 10 % de sainfoin, sans PEG avait pour effet de réduire (P < 0,05) les concentrations de NH 3 entre 8 et 24 h. Les tanins du sainfoin diminuaient la dégradation des protéines du fourrage, sans toutefois altérer la digestibilité de la fraction non protéique. Nous avons aussi servi pendant 4 ans à 8 bouvillons de la luzerne, seule ou combinée, soit à du sain...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sainfoin on in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa and bloat in steers

McMahon¹,

Majak²,

McAllister³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Cooper () used late season (August and later) harvests and noted a loss of sainfoin yield over 2–3 years. Smoliak and Hanna () reported 5‐year persistence of sainfoin as either a monocrop or with a grass, and while productive for spring grazing, was unproductive in summer. Where grazing sainfoin may be particularly pertinent is in the spring/early growing season when bloat is a greater threat with the grazing of alfalfa.…”

Section: Agronomics Of Sainfoin Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that sainfoin is preferred or more palatable than alfalfa (Maughan et al, 2014;Parker & Moss, 1981;Scharenberg et al, 2007a;Smoliak & Hanna, 1975). Scharenberg, Kreuzer, and Dohme (2009) reported that sainfoin was the most palatable of the forages offered but also noted in another experiment two cows refused to eat it and had to be excluded from the trial.…”

Section: Pa L Ata B I Lit Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits

Sheppard¹,

Cattani

Ominski

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a forage legume of renewed interest in western Canada, with equally weighted advantages and disadvantages. In agronomic attributes, sainfoin is, at best, equal in yield, crude protein content and persistence to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Sainfoin is equally or more palatable than alfalfa to ruminants, with comparable levels of animal productivity per unit forage consumed. The advantages it has compared to alfalfa include the following: (a) mitigation of frothy bloat; (b) reduced ammonia emissions (more faecal nitrogen (N) and less urinary N); (c) equal or better N retention by ruminants; and (d) anthelmintic protection from intestinal parasites. These advantages may be attributed to the presence of condensed tannins (CT), in legumes such as sainfoin. Emphasis on agronomic characteristics in breeding programmes appears to have led to the inadvertent reduction in the efficacy of CT characteristics. Persistence of sainfoin appears to be dependent on minimal pressure from competing plants, harvest or grazing, and good growth conditions from mid‐summer into fall, allowing for adequate root reserves for survival. It is possible that judicious use of glyphosate in late season might lessen competition in that critical period as sainfoin is more glyphosate‐tolerant than alfalfa. Otherwise, sainfoin may be best considered a short‐lived forage and best adapted for early season harvest or grazing to eliminate the risk of bloat.

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“…At the onset of the experiment, wheatgrasses and sainfoin exhibited visible signs of N deficiency. Others have also reported N-deficiency symptoms in sainfoin even when seed were inoculated with the appropriate rhizobia (Smoliak and Hanna, 1975;Griggs, 1988;Mowrey, 1990). Wheatgrass and wheatgrass-sainfoin pastures were fertilized (100 kg N ha-1 ) by broadcasting ammonium nitrate on 16 Mar.…”

Section: Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Lamb Weight Changes on Wheatgrass and Wheatgrass‐Sainfoin Mixtures

Karnezos

Matches

1992

Agronomy Journal

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Prediction of animal weight change (CUM) with regression models developed from grazing trials typically uses herbage parameters and CUM measured on the same day. We hypothesized that lamb (Ovis aries L.) CUM recorded at time t was a function of herbage quality and/or quantity measured at a previous harvest t − x (where x = days prior to measurement of CUM). Our objectives were (i) to determine if time series regression analysis (TSR) could be used to model CUM from three irrigated wheatgrasses, ‘Hycrest’ [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner × A. desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Shulters], ‘Luna’ [Thinopyrum intermedium subsp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. and D.R. Dewey], and ‘Jose’ [T. ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. and D.R. Dewey] grown alone and with ‘Renumex’ sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), and (ii) to test the models. Replicated pastures grown on a fine, mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustolls were rotationally grazed by Rambouillet × Suffolk wether lambs for an average of 77 d in spring of 1987 and 1988. Herbage quality, quantity, and plant parts were estimated from pregrazing, after 2 and 4 d of grazing, and postgrazing (7 d) harvests and used as variables in TSR. For TSR models, lagged variables (t − x) were selected more (67–92% of total) than nonlagged variables (t), supporting our hypothesis. Time series regression models described CUM accurately (average R2 > 0.70), but selected variables were not consistent among treatments, time lags, or years. Model testing indicated poor predictive accuracy (r2 = 0.07−0.51), limiting the usefulness of projecting CUM across seasons and demonstrating the necessity of testing regression models.

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Productivity of Alfalfa, Sainfoin, and Cicer Milkvetch on Subirrigated Land When Grazed by Sheep

Abstract: Researth Station, Agrit'ulture Canada, Lethbridge, ALbertaTIJ 1BI.Receivei 5 Sept. t971, acteptetl29 Nov. 1971

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of sainfoin on in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa and bloat in steers

Effect of sainfoin on in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa and bloat in steers

Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits

Modeling Lamb Weight Changes on Wheatgrass and Wheatgrass‐Sainfoin Mixtures

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