Productivity of Laying Alabio Duck and its Eggs Quality under Exposure of Different Intensity and Color of LED Light

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the different combinations of intensity and color of LED monochrome lamps for optimal productivity, as well as the internal and external quality of Alabio duck eggs. The study was carried out for 4 weeks period of raising which was devided in 2 stages. In the first stage, it was used a completely randomized factorial design of 4 light colors x 3 light intensities with 4 replications with 5 ducks of each replicate, totaling 240 laying Alabio ducks. The light color was 4 colors consisted of yellow, red, blue, and green, alongside with intensity levels of 10 lux, 15 lux, and 20 lux. The irradiation method of layer ducks was 18 hours light and 10 hours dark (18L: 10D of ahemeral method). The variables observed were laying age, egg production and the total weight of eggs, mortality, feed consumption, FCR, and income over feed cost (IOFC). In the second stage, it was selected 3 best combination treatments from the first phase. The experimental method was based on a completely randomized design, encompassing the best treatments as P1, P2, and P3, with 5 replications with 10 duck per replicate, totaling 150 laying Alabio ducks. The variables were egg internal quality, which consisted of haugh unit egg, yolk index (EYI), egg albumin index, and yolk color. The external egg quality observed were egg weight, shell thickness, shape index, and specific gravity. The results of the first phase showed the best productivity was achieved in blue color with an intensity of 15 lux on all measured variables. The results in the second stage showed the best treatment is blue light color treatment with a light intensity of 15 lux, on the internal qualities of duck eggs include HU (95.11±2.39), EYI (0.421±0.63), EAI (0.121±0.12), egg yolk color (8.36±0.31), and also the best in terms of external quality, with the highest egg weight (66.76±5.21 g). It was concluded that the combination of blue light color with an intensity of 15 lux significantly increased the egg production and performance of Alabio duck from Kalimantan.

Production performance of Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) under different levels of drinking water salinity

“…According to Yoselewitz and Balnave [ 25 ] and Espinar et al [ 26 ], drinking water with high salinity reduced the shell thickness due to decreased activity of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the formation of shells. The shell thickness in the study was in the normal category (313–320 µm) and relatively similar to a study reported by Rostini et al [ 4 ] (309–337 µm). These findings are supported by Alam et al [ 15 ], who noted that poultry that lacks salt gland secretions, such as ruminants, can be affected by high salt levels in the environment.…”

“…Hence, the provision of ingredients could reduce pathogenic bacteria to improve the productive performance of laying ducks by optimizing the feed metabolism and thus supporting the availability of required nutrients for egg production [ 22 ]. Egg production obtained in this study was substantially lower than that in the experiment carried out by Rostini et al [ 4 ], who reported that the egg production of Alabio ducks ranged between 47% and 81%. The low egg production occurred as the ducks were still in their initial production period (2–3 months).…”

“…Yoselewitz and Balnave [ 23 ] stated that NaCl content in the drinking water could deteriorate egg and shell weights due to low water and feed consumption. Although the egg weight found in this study (60–63 gm) was slightly lower than that in previous studies by Rostini et al [ 4 ] (62–67 gm) and by Indarsih et al [ 24 ] (60–65 gm), the weight range was categorized as normal. No adverse effects were identified from the provision of drinking water with a salinity of 0.75–3.0 PSU on the egg shape index, yolk index (%), albumen index, and HU.…”

“…These ducks have been identified as having the ability to perform well in harsh environmental conditions, with a limited supply of required nutrients [ 3 ]. Although Alabio ducks are a dual-purpose breed, they have the potential as superior laying ducks that plays an essential role in a socioeconomic aspect by providing a livelihood to smallholders and food for humans [ 4 ]. As waterfowls, Alabio ducks have a suitable habitat in the aquatic environment, mainly swampy areas, which causes the potential for high egg production and quality to be likely constrained by contaminated drinking water in the changing environment [ 5 ].…”

The phenotypic diversity in the production performance of Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…However, selection and breeding efforts for Alabio ducks are currently lacking. A few unpublished studies suspected that Alabio ducks experienced a decline in genetic quality, both in production quantity and quality, due to increased inbreeding caused by mating between close relatives [ 4 ]. On the other hand, a crucial issue that is currently happening is the threat to the purity of the Alabio duck by the introduction of various duck breeds from different regions, such as Mojosari ducks, Tegal ducks, and Pekin ducks, and also the occurrence of crossbreeding without strict and directed management.…”