Products of Metabolism and Processing of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Functional Ingredients

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria (BB) are unique substances that have a lot of biological and physiological effects. Structural components of LAB and BB – peptidoglycans, compounds of the muramylpeptide series, teichoic acids – have powerful immunological properties. Metabolites of LAB and BB – organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, etc. – provide antagonistic activity, have an indirect impact on the immune system, reducing the antigenic load caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The expediency of peptidoglycans degradation of LAB and BB cell walls is substantiated. Low molecular weight products of the degradation can easily be absorbed and enter into biochemical processes, accelerating the expected functional-physiological effect. To obtain low-molecular products of peptidoglycans degradation, a combination of LAB and BB was used. The combination of LAB and BB is the sum of the test cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactococcus cremoris, Streptococcus termophilus. Destruction of peptidoglycans of bacterial cell walls was carried out using a combination of disintegrating factors. The efficiency of destruction was determined by the accumulation of low molecular weight peptides (with molecular weight up to 1500 Da), amino acids and soluble protein in the disintegrate. It has been established that the highest accumulation of low molecular weight degradation products occurs when using autolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis during 180 min with the ratio of the enzyme : substrate 1 : 100. At the same time ≈ 53% of protein substances pass from insoluble to soluble state. The molecular weight of the obtained products is determined by the gel chromatography method. The qualitative and quantitative content of organic acids, amino acids and vitamins of group В in the hydrolysis products composition was investigated. It was shown that the obtained product possesses high biological effect in the experiment on animals.

Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods

“…hydrogen peroxide, reuterin, organic acids, carbon dioxide, and di-acetylene) and high molecular weight (i.e. bacteriocins and bacteriocins-like substances) compounds which are generally known as metabolites [ 118 – 120 ]. However, the composition of postbiotic metabolites was found to be affected by individual nutrients in the growth medium [ 121 ].…”

Postbiotics as Metabolites and Their Biotherapeutic Potential

“…Cell-free supernatants (CFS) obtained by the centrifugation of cell cultures contain biomolecules and metabolites with beneficial effects for maintaining human health [122][123][124]. CFS has been associated with biological activities such as reducing oxidative stress, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial effects, as well as suppressing biofilm formation, which may be useful for clinical practice.…”