Profile of Head and Neck Cancer Patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital in 2013-2018

Abstract

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the 6th highest cancer worldwide. Risk factors include history of smoking, exposure of carcinogen, diet, oral hygiene, HPV and EBV infections, genetic, and alcohol consumption. Purpose: To identify the profile of HNC patients in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2013 to 2018. Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 2013-2018 in the Department of ORL-HNS Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, using total sampling method. Medical record of the patients were used as secondary data. Result: There were 2952 HNC patients consisted of 1689 males and 1263 females. Most of the subjects were graduated from elementary school (45.56%), with mean age 47.45 years old. The majority types of HNC were nasopharyngeal (31.20%), sinonasal (19.65%) and laryngeal (14.16%) carcinoma. The main histopathological types were undifferentiated carcinoma (47.15%) and squamous cell carcinoma (34.08%). The major risk factors were smoking and salted fish consumptions. Discussion: Unlike previous studies, our study found out that most HNC cases occurred in patients under the age of 30 years old. In this research, smoking was the highest risk factor of research subjects, followed by salted fish intake, mosquito burnt coils, and alcohol consumption. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and stadium IV were the highest incidence of HNC, mostly found in male patients. Histopathologically, the dominant type was the undifferentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was the main cancer type. The main histopathological type was undifferentiated carcinoma. The main risk factors were smoking and salted fish consumptions. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Karsinoma kepala leher (KKL) merupakan keganasan terbanyak ke enam di dunia. Faktor risiko KKL antara lain riwayat merokok, paparan karsinogen, diet, kebersihan mulut, infeksi Human Papilloma Virus, Virus Epstein Barr, genetika, konsumsi alkohol. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui profil penderita KKL di Departemen T.H.T-K.L Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung, tahun 2013- 2018. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan total sampling, pada periode 2013-2018 di Dept/KSM THT-KL RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin. Rekam medis subjek penelitian digunakan sebagai data sekunder. Hasil: Terdapat 2.952 penderita KKL terdiri dari 1.689 laki-laki dan 1.263 perempuan. Mayoritas berpendidikan SD (45,56%), dengan rerata usia 47,45 tahun. Jenis KKL terbanyak karsinoma nasofaring (31,20%), sinonasal (19,65%), dan laring (14,16%). Karakteristik histopatologi terbanyak karsinoma tak berdiferensiasi (47,15%) dan karsinoma sel skuamosa (34,08%). Faktor risiko terbanyak merokok serta konsumsi ikan asin. Diskusi: Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian kami mendapatkan kasus KKL terbanyak didapati pada pasien di bawah usia 30 tahun. Didapatkan juga faktor risiko tertinggi adalah merokok, diikuti oleh mengonsumsi ikan asin, obat nyamuk bakar, dan minum alkohol. Angka kejadian KKL terbanyak adalah karsinoma nasofaring stadium IV, yang kebanyakan didapati pada pasien laki-laki. Secara histopatologi, tipe yang dominan adalah jenis karsinoma tak berdiferensiasi. Kesimpulan: Karsinoma nasofaring merupakan jenis KKL terbanyak. Jenis histopatologi terbanyak karsinoma tak berdiferensiasi. Faktor risiko KKL yang paling banyak ditemui yaitu merokok dan konsumsi ikan asin.

Relationship between CD-8 Expression to Treatment Response in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patient After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang

“…diagnosed with NPC often when there has been extensive tumor expansion and metastasis to the neck lymph nodes where there have been complaints of lumps in the neck at an advanced stage that caused delays from the treatment. 5,6,19 The performance status of patients assessed with ECOG before chemotherapy was in ECOG 1 status in 12 people (80%) and ECOG 2 in 3 people (20%). But slightly different from the results of research conducted by Xie, et al, in China in 2016 which got 47.46% in the status of ECOG performance 0-1 and 52.53% in the performance status of ECOG 2.…”

“…At the H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2014-2016, there were 396 patients with NPC, while in the Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang there were 284 NPC patients from the period 2013-2017. [3][4][5][6][7] The immune system is the reaction of cells, tissues, and molecules that deliver and provide a coordinated immune response to pathogens, tumors, or other molecules that are considered foreign including tumor cells in NPC. There is a known immunoediting theory that encompasses the dynamic processes of immunosurveillance and tumor development that prevent malignancy by destroying tumor cells and keeping residual tumor cells dormant.…”

Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Understanding the Interplay of Genetic and Environmental Factors

“…The incidence in the age range of 50-54 years old was found to be 371 patients or about 12.57% of patients. 12 Handayani et al studied the prevalence of head and neck cancer at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and reported that 34% of patients were in the age group of 41-50 years old. 13 c.…”

Platelet to Lymphocytes Ratio to Predict Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progressivity

“…In Indonesia, the prevalence of NPC is 6.2/100,000 people, with around 13,000 new cases each year. NPC was the most frequent head and neck cancer in the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung from 2013 to 2018, with 921 (35.20%) new cases [4], [5], [6], [7].…”