Profiling and quantitation of alkaloids in different parts of Sophora alopecuroides L. extracts by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation ion mobility spectrometry detection

Abstract

Introduction: Ambient pressure electrospray ionisation ion mobility spectrometry coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect alkaloids from different parts of Sophora alopecuroides L. extracts. Multiplexing ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining high resolving power for the detecting of eluents from HPLC separation. Material and methods:The alkaloids profile and distribution are demonstrated by retention time-drift time two-dimensional spaces, and the contents of five major alkaloids including sophoridine, sophocarpine, cytisine, aloperine, and matrine were determined in the leaf, skin, stem, seed kernel, and seed husk using the HPLC-IMS method. This method offers extra separation ability to isomers such as matrine and sophocarpine, which can be difficult to distinguish by mass spectrometry. Results:The reduced mobilities for cytisine, sophoridine, sophocarpine, matrine, and aloperine are 0.828, 0.718, 0.731, 0.725, and 0.769 cm 2 /V/s, respectively. The limits of detection are 0.553, 0.488, 0.479, 0.484, and 0.513 ug/mL. This method adds extra separation ability to HPLC to resolve co-eluted peaks and provides another qualitative parameter besides HPLC retention time.

Quality evaluation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum different parts based on quantitative analysis of 42 bioactive constituents combined with multivariate statistical analysis

“…(1), lucenin-2 (2), epicatechin (3), orientin-2 00 -O-β-L-galactoside (4), isoorientin (5), orientin (6), vitexin-2 00 -O-rhamnoside (7), rutin (8), vitexin (9), resveratrol (10), polydatin (11), isoquercitrin (12), astragalin (13), quercitrin (14), quercetin (15), apigenin (16), kaempferol (17), thymidine ( 18), 2 0 -deoxyuridine (19), hypoxanthine (20), allopurinol (21), isoleucine (22), leucine (23), guanine (24), 2 0 -deoxyadenosine (25), threonine (26), phenylalanine (27), valine (28), adenine (29), inosine (30), adenosine (31), proline (32), tyrosine (33), alanine (34), glycine (35), cytidine (36)…”

“…In addition, the PCA results were consistent with the HCA analysis. 5, the compound with VIP > 1, namely astragalin (13), allopurinol (21), guanine (24), epicatechin (3), proline (32), inosine (30), vitexin-2 00 -O-rhamnoside (7), chlorogenic acid (1), vitexin (9), lucenin-2 (2), hypoxanthine (20), rutin (8), isoquercitrin (12), isoorientin (5), 2 0 -deoxyuridine (19), orientin (6), adenosine (31), phenylalanine (27), and serine (37), could be considered as chemical markers for the sample classification.…”

“…Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were performed to distinguish RTH, STH and LTH. The present method should be helpful for the quality control of T. hemsleyanum , and the results should be useful for understanding the distribution of these bioactive compounds in T. hemsleyanum different parts, which is essential for the efficient utilisation of T. hemsleyanum in the future 27 …”

“…The present method should be helpful for the quality control of T. hemsleyanum, and the results should be useful for understanding the distribution of these bioactive compounds in T. hemsleyanum different parts, which is essential for the efficient utilisation of T. hemsleyanum in the future. 27 2 | MATERIALS AND METHODS…”

Bioactivities and chemical profiling comparison and metabolomic variations of polyphenolics and steroidal glycoalkaloids in different parts of Solanum nigrum L.

“…2,21 The content and distribution of phytochemicals generally varies in different plant parts. 2,21,25,26 The unripe fruits of S. nigrum L. have the highest level of glycoalkaloids compared with the leaves and stems parts. 2 The diversity in their ingredients may lead to different nutritive values or even toxic health effects.…”