Programming the shape-shifting of flat soft matter

Manen, Teunis van; Janbaz, Shahram; Zadpoor, Amir A.

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2017.08.026

Cited by 212 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…The devices composed of these materials adopt novel control strategies, shifting from conventional wire‐connections (electrically or via pneumatic tubes) to a wireless approach relying on external energy sources such as magnetic fields, light fields, humidity, or chemical reactions . When exposed to stimuli, the specific form of deformation can be programmed by tuning molecular orientation, stiffness gradient or structural anisotropy …”

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confidence: 99%

“…[15] When exposed to stimuli, the specific form of deformation can be programmed by tuning molecular orientation, stiffness gradient or structural anisotropy. [16] Liquid crystal polymer networks (LCNs) are crosslinked polymers that combine the anisotropy arising from oriented liquid crystalline mesogens and the elasticity of the polymer network. [17,18] Their versatile deformabilities upon heat/light stimuli give rise to a fast-increasing interest in realization of novel soft robotic systems, in which the nature-inspired strategies are often adopted.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kirigami‐Based Light‐Induced Shape‐Morphing and Locomotion

et al. 2019

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The development of stimuli‐responsive soft actuators, a task largely undertaken by material scientists, has become a major driving force in pushing the frontiers of microrobotics. Devices made of soft active materials are oftentimes small in size, remotely and wirelessly powered/controlled, and capable of adapting themselves to unexpected hurdles. However, nowadays most soft microscale robots are rather simple in terms of design and architecture, and it remains a challenge to create complex 3D soft robots with stimuli‐responsive properties. Here, it is suggested that kirigami‐based techniques can be useful for fabricating complex 3D robotic structures that can be activated with light. External stress fields introduce out‐of‐plane deformation of kirigami film actuators made of liquid crystal networks. Such 2D‐to‐3D structural transformations can give rise to mechanical actuation upon light illumination, thus allowing the realization of kirigami‐based light‐fuelled robotics. A kirigami rolling robot is demonstrated, where a light beam controls the multigait motion and steers the moving direction in 2D. The device is able to navigate along different routes and moves up a ramp with a slope of 6°. The results demonstrate a facile technique to realize complex and flexible 3D structures with light‐activated robotic functions.

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Kirigami‐Based Light‐Induced Shape‐Morphing and Locomotion

et al. 2019

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“…The reason can be explained as the following. Two most important factors that determine the response speed of actuation are mass transport efficiency of water and toughness of the hydrogels . Our printed hydrogel composite has a thin bilayer structure (with a thickness of dozens of micrometers after filaments collapsing and drying), which favors the fast water transportation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two most important factors that determine the response speed of actuation are mass transport efficiency of water and toughness of the hydrogels. [44,45] Our printed hydrogel composite has a thin bilayer structure (with a thickness of dozens of micrometers after filaments collapsing and drying), which favors the fast water transportation. Besides, the stiffness of our printed hydrogel composite is as high as 7.4 GPa, which is several orders of magnitude higher than that of most soft hydrogels with long response time from dozens of minutes to several hours.…”

Section: Multistimuli-responsive and Reversible Fast Shape-morphingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Alignment of Graphene Oxide in Hydrogel during 3D Printing for Multistimuli‐Responsive Actuation

et al. 2020

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Natural materials are often compositionally and structurally heterogeneous for realizing particular functions. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed hybrid materials that possess properties beyond each of the components. Particularly, it remains a great challenge to realize site‐specific anisotropy, which widely exists in natural materials and is responsible for unique mechanical properties as well as physiological behaviors. Herein, the spontaneous formation of aligned graphene oxide (GO) flakes in sodium alginate (SA) matrix with locally controlled orientation via a direct‐ink‐writing printing process is reported. The GO flakes are spontaneously aligned in the SA matrix by shear force when being extruded and then arranged horizontally after drying on the substrate, forming a brick‐and‐mortar structure that could anisotropically contract or expand upon activation by heat, light, or water. By designing the printing pathways directed by finite element analysis, the orientation of GO flakes in the composite is locally controlled, which could further guide the composite to transform into versatile architectures. Particularly, the transformation is reversible when water vapor is applied as one of the stimuli. As a proof of concept, complex morphing architectures are experimentally demonstrated, which are in good consistency with the simulation results.

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“…[22,23] There are generally two ways for build-up of internal stress and thus controllable deformationso fh ydrogels:( i) heterogeneouss timuli in one hydrogel to induce nonuniform response throughout the hydrogel, [28,29] or (ii)heterogeneous structurei no ne hydrogel, in which different regionsh ave different response to the uniform stimulation. [30,31] The first strategy usually relies on the localized photo irradiation. In this review, we mainly focus on the second approacht of abricate ah ydrogelw ithd esired heterogeneous structure.…”

Section: Naturaland Bioinspiredsmart Deformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photolithographically Patterned Hydrogels with Programmed Deformations

Hao

et al. 2018

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Programmed deformations are widespread in nature, providinge legantp aradigms to design self-morphing materials with promising applications in biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, etc. In this emerging field, hydrogels are an ideal materialt oi nvestigate the deformation principle and the structure-deformation relationship. One crucial step is to construct heterogeneouss tructures in af acile yet effective way.H erein, we provide af ocus review on different deformation modes and corresponding structural features of hydrogels. Photolithography is av ersatile approach to control the outer shape of the hydrogel and spatiald istribution of the component in the hydrogel, endowing the patterned hydrogels with programmed internal stress and thus controllable deformations. Specifically, cooperative deformations take place in periodically patterned hydrogelsw ith in-plane gradients, and multiple morphing structures are formed in one patternedh ydrogel using selective preswelling to directt he buckling of each unit. The structuralc ontrol strategy and deformation principles should be applicable to other materials with broad applications in diverseareas.

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Programming the shape-shifting of flat soft matter

Cited by 212 publications

References 195 publications

Kirigami‐Based Light‐Induced Shape‐Morphing and Locomotion

Kirigami‐Based Light‐Induced Shape‐Morphing and Locomotion

Spontaneous Alignment of Graphene Oxide in Hydrogel during 3D Printing for Multistimuli‐Responsive Actuation

Photolithographically Patterned Hydrogels with Programmed Deformations

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