Progress in Tribological Properties of Nano-Composite Hard Coatings under Water Lubrication

Wang, Qianzhi; Zhou, Fei

doi:10.3390/lubricants5010005

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…At a low pressure, the coating grows in approximately 65° direction with respect to the substrate, whereas the coating growth at 900 mPa was practically perpendicular to the substrate. Coating microstructure plays an important role in affecting mechanical and tribological properties as well as hydrogen permeation [ 18 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hydrogen Exposure on Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of CrxN Coatings Deposited at Different Pressures on IN718

et al. 2017

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In the current study, the properties of the CrxN coatings deposited on the Inconel 718 superalloy using direct current reactive magnetron sputtering are investigated. The influence of working pressure on the microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of the CrxN coatings before and after high-temperature hydrogen exposure is studied. The cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs indicate the columnar structure of the coatings, which changes from dense and compact columns to large columns with increasing working pressure. The Cr/N ratio increases from 1.4 to 1.9 with increasing working pressure from 300 to 900 mPa, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a change from mixed hcp-Cr2N and fcc-CrN structure to approximately stoichiometric Cr2N phase. After gas-phase hydrogenation, the coating deposited at 300 mPa exhibits the lowest hydrogen absorption at 600 °C of all investigated coatings. The results indicate that the dense mixed cubic and hexagonal structure is preferential for hydrogen permeation resistance due to the presence of cubic phase with higher packing density in comparison to the hexagonal structure. After hydrogenation, no changes in phase composition were observed; however, a small amount of hydrogen is accumulated in the coatings. An increase of coating hardness and elastic modulus was observed after hydrogen exposure. Tribological tests reveal that hydrogenation leads to a decrease of the friction coefficient up to 20%–30%. The best value of 0.25 was reached for hydrogen exposed CrxN coating deposited at 300 mPa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hydrogen Exposure on Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of CrxN Coatings Deposited at Different Pressures on IN718

et al. 2017

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“…In addition to these studies, there are several other available studies in the literature targeting TiN coatings along with their processing techniques and analyses [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. In addition to TiN coating, different types of hard coatings developed under various conditions have also been published extensively [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The basic idea discussed in those studies is related to the properties and characteristic of deposited coatings, which are subjected mainly to the change of process parameters, types of material and processing approach.…”

Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

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Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate have caught the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery, ultra-precision machine-tool coatings and coatings for miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors, when in their certain transition states, provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gaseous nature atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid-natured atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of solid-natured atoms ejecting or dissociating from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique or approach. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

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“…In addition to these studies, there are several other available studies in the literature targeting TiN coatings along with their processing techniques and analyses [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. In addition to TiN coating, different types of hard coatings developed under various employed conditions have also been published extensively [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The basic idea discussed in those studies is related to the properties and characteristic of deposited coatings, which are subjected mainly to the change of process parameters, type of material and processing approach.…”

Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors as per recovering of transition states provide the provision for electron (of outer ring) belonging to gas atom to undertake another clamp of unfilled energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to solid atom. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per at the ground surface where they nearly worked oppositely to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron levels while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron levels. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the appropriately already landed atom where the adhered nitrogen atoms nearly incorporated in their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different nature atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface in the deposition chamber of certain energy source-based technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep the structure adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of coatings but also in the diversified class of materials and their counterparts, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

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Progress in Tribological Properties of Nano-Composite Hard Coatings under Water Lubrication

Cited by 26 publications

References 89 publications

Effect of Hydrogen Exposure on Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of CrxN Coatings Deposited at Different Pressures on IN718

Effect of Hydrogen Exposure on Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of CrxN Coatings Deposited at Different Pressures on IN718

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

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