Proliferation index in bone marrow cells from severely malnourished rats during lactation

Betancourt, Miguel; Ortiz, Rocı́o; González, Cristina

doi:10.1016/0165-7992(92)90104-p

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While the effect of malnutrition on the LN has not been described previously, a number of malnutrition-related changes in the composition and structure of other lymphoid tissues have been reported, including (1) atrophy of thymus and spleen [8], [32], [46], (2) reduced thymic cellularity attributed to enhanced thymocyte apoptosis and decreased intrathymic cell proliferation [47], [48], (3) alteration in the thymic microenvironment [49], [50], (4) reduced in vivo and in vitro bone marrow cell proliferation [51], [52], (5) loss of splenic lymphoid cells around the small blood vessels [8], and (6) reduced number of splenic T lymphocyte subsets [53]. We did not find any remarkable difference in the gross structure or cellular distribution within the lymph nodes, however, consistent with the previous observations in the thymus and spleen we did observe a significant reduction in the weight and cellularity of the LN of the PND mice, whether they were uninfected or infected with L. donovani , when compared with their WN controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Malnutrition-Related Increase in Early Visceralization of Leishmania donovani Is Associated with a Reduced Number of Lymph Node Phagocytes and Altered Conduit System Flow

et al. 2013

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In a murine model of moderate childhood malnutrition we found that polynutrient deficiency led to a 4–5-fold increase in early visceralization of L. donovani (3 days post-infection) following cutaneous infection and a 16-fold decrease in lymph node barrier function (p<0.04 for all). To begin to understand the mechanistic basis for this malnutrition-related parasite dissemination we analyzed the cellularity, architecture, and function of the skin-draining lymph node. There was no difference in the localization of multiple cell populations in the lymph node of polynutrient deficient (PND) mice, but there was reduced cellularity with fewer CD11c+dendritic cells (DCs), fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), MOMA-2+ macrophages, and CD169+ subcapsular sinus macrophage (p<0.05 for all) compared to the well-nourished (WN) mice. The parasites were equally co-localized with DCs associated with the lymph node conduit network in the WN and PND mice, and were found in the high endothelial venule into which the conduits drain. When a fluorescent low molecular weight (10 kD) dextran was delivered in the skin, there was greater efflux of the marker from the lymph node conduit system to the spleens of PND mice (p<0.04), indicating that flow through the conduit system was altered. There was no evidence of disruption of the conduit or subcapsular sinus architecture, indicating that the movement of parasites into the subcortical conduit region was due to an active process and not from passive movement through a leaking barrier. These results indicate that the impaired capacity of the lymph node to act as a barrier to dissemination of L. donovani infection is associated with a reduced number of lymph node phagocytes, which most likely leads to reduced capture of parasites as they transit through the sinuses and conduit system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Malnutrition-Related Increase in Early Visceralization of Leishmania donovani Is Associated with a Reduced Number of Lymph Node Phagocytes and Altered Conduit System Flow

et al. 2013

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“…Because statistical analysis showed that the percentage of lymphocyte subsets was reduced significantly in both experimental groups, our results suggest that severe and moderate malnutrition are equally deleterious. The decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes observed in malnourished rats is probably related to reduced proliferation in bone marrow cells [8,9], and/or a defect in the thymus, and/or an increase in apoptosis [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown previously that malnutrition reduced in vitro and in vivo bone marrow cell proliferation and increased thymocyte apoptosis significantly in rats [8–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of moderate and severe malnutrition in rats on splenic T lymphocyte subsets and activation assessed by flow cytometry

Cortés-Barberena

González‐Márquez

Gómez-Olivares

et al. 2008

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryMalnutrition is distributed widely throughout the world and is a particular problem in developing countries. Laboratory animals have been very useful in studying the effects of varying levels of malnutrition because non-nutritional factors that affect humans may be controlled. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of moderate and severe malnutrition on lymphocyte proportions and activation markers of T cells in experimentally malnourished rats during lactation by flow cytometry. Lower absolute (total) and relative (%) numbers of CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in moderately (second degree) and severely (third degree) malnourished rats compared with well-nourished rats (P < 0·05). Both groups of malnourished rats showed a significant decrease in the percentage of CD71 + cells at 24 h post-activation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). After 24 h activation of spleen cells with PHA, a lower percentage of CD25+ cells was observed in malnourished than well-nourished rats (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicated an altered expression of CD71 and CD25 during activation of T lymphocytes in malnourished rats and may partially explain increased susceptibility to infection associated with malnutrition. Moreover, these results demonstrated that moderate malnutrition affects the response of T lymphocytes as much as severe malnutrition.

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“…This reduction of RET frequency in the blood of UN animals may be considered an indication of bone marrow failure, implying the death of erythroblasts or a delay in their division. Previously, it has been reported that severe malnutrition affects the proportion of proliferating cells in the bone marrow and their cell kinetics [Betancourt et al, 1992].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increase micronuclei formation in peripheral blood from weanling well-nourished and malnourished rats

Ortiz

Medina

Cortés

et al. 2011

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

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The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a widely used drug. In spite of this, there are few reports on its genotoxicity, and the results are controversial. Severe malnutrition is a complex condition that increases the susceptibility to infections. Consequently, drugs are extensively used in malnutrition cases. Experimental animal models have been widely used to study the effects of malnutrition. Neonatal rats were experimentally malnourished (UN) during lactation. The UN rats weighed 51.1% less than the well-nourished (WN) controls and had lower concentrations of serum protein and blood lipids. The micronucleus (MN) assay is useful for detecting chromosome damage induced by nutritional deficiencies. In vivo rodent MN assays have been widely used to screen genotoxic agents. In this study, we have evaluated the frequency of spontaneous and TMP-SMX-induced micronuclei in the peripheral blood of weanling (21 days of age) rats using a flow cytometric analysis technique. The spontaneous frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) was 2.7 times greater in the UN rats than in the WN rats. In rats that were not treated with TMP-SMX, the percentage of reticulocytes was significantly lower (41.1%) in the UN rats than the WN controls. A therapeutic dose of TMP-SMX (80 mg/kg (TMP), 400 mg/kg (SMX) for 48 hr) increased MN-RETs in the WN and in the UN rats. The data demonstrate the genotoxic effect of this drug. The results indicate that severe protein-calorie restriction and drug treatment enhance DNA damage in rat peripheral blood reticulocytes, potentially increasing the risk of negative effects on health.

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Proliferation index in bone marrow cells from severely malnourished rats during lactation

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

The Malnutrition-Related Increase in Early Visceralization of Leishmania donovani Is Associated with a Reduced Number of Lymph Node Phagocytes and Altered Conduit System Flow

The Malnutrition-Related Increase in Early Visceralization of Leishmania donovani Is Associated with a Reduced Number of Lymph Node Phagocytes and Altered Conduit System Flow

Effects of moderate and severe malnutrition in rats on splenic T lymphocyte subsets and activation assessed by flow cytometry

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increase micronuclei formation in peripheral blood from weanling well-nourished and malnourished rats

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