Prominence of hyperarousal symptoms explains variability of sleep disruption in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Wyk, Mariza van; Thomas, Kevin G. F.; Solms, Mark; Lipinska, Gosia

doi:10.1037/tra0000115

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Previously, the link between high-intensity exercise and symptoms of avoidance and hyperarousal was limited to observational research (Whitworth et al, 2017); as such, the present results help to move the field forward by providing preliminary experimental evidence supporting this association. These findings may also have clinical significance, as hyperarousal and avoidance symptoms have been associated with alcohol use (McDevitt-Murphy, Fields, Monahan, & Bracken, 2015;Taft et al, 2007) and can contribute to PTSD-related sleep problems (van Wyk, Thomas, Solms, & Lipinska, 2016), both of which demonstrated large improvements in the resistance exercise group. No significant group differences for intrusion or mood and cognitive symptoms were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Feasibility of Resistance Exercise for Posttraumatic Stress and Anxiety Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Whitworth

Nosrat

SantaBarbara

et al. 2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Emerging evidence suggests that exercise may beneficially affect posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), but few randomized trials exist. Additionally, the effects of resistance exercise (i.e., weight lifting or strength training) on PTSS have not been thoroughly examined. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of a brief high-intensity resistance exercise intervention for PTSS and related issues, such as anxiety, sleep, alcohol use, and depression, in non-treatment-seeking adults who screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety. The sample included 30 non-treatment-seeking, urban-dwelling adults (M age = 29.10 years, SD = 7.38; 73.3% female) who screened positive for PTSD and anxiety and were randomly assigned to either a 3-week resistance exercise intervention or a time-matched contact control condition. The results suggest the intervention was feasible, with 80.0% (n = 24) of participants completing the study, 88.9% of the resistance exercise sessions attended, and no adverse effects reported. Additionally, resistance exercise had large beneficial effects on symptoms of avoidance, d = 1.26, 95% CI [0.39, 2.14]; and hyperarousal, d = 0.90, 95% CI [0.06, 1.74], relative to the control condition. Resistance exercise also produced large improvements concerning sleep quality, d = 1.31, 95% CI [0.41, 2.21], and hazardous alcohol use, d = 0.99, 95% CI [0.13, 1.86], compared to the control condition. Overall, the findings suggest that 3 weeks of high-intensity resistance exercise is a feasible intervention for PTSS reduction in non-treatment-seeking adults who screen positive for PTSD and anxiety; additional research is needed to verify these preliminary findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Feasibility of Resistance Exercise for Posttraumatic Stress and Anxiety Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Whitworth

Nosrat

SantaBarbara

et al. 2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…On the experimental night, we administered (in order) the LM, WL and SM subtests. Thereafter, we prepared each participant for a night's sleep while attached to the polysomnograph, following our conventional laboratory procedures (Lipinska et al., ; Van Wyk, Thomas, Solms, & Lipinska, ). They were allowed an 8‐hr period of sleep, commencing within 30 min of their regular bedtime.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid eye movement fragmentation, not slow‐wave sleep, predicts neutral declarative memory consolidation in posttraumatic stress disorder

Lipinska

Thomas

2019

Journal of Sleep Research

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Individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience disruption at both slow‐wave sleep (SWS) and rapid‐eye movement (REM) sleep stages and demonstrate marked memory impairment. A small group of studies suggests that, within the disorder, there is a mechanistic relation between these sleep and memory impairments. This study sought to extend that literature by examining whether, in PTSD‐diagnosed individuals, memory‐retention deficits are present after a sleep‐filled (but not after a wake‐filled) delay (i.e., whether memory deficits can be traced to interruptions of sleep‐dependent memory consolidation). Moreover, we investigated whether SWS‐ or REM‐based disturbances, or both, contribute to retention deficits. We recruited participants into three groups: PTSD (n = 21), trauma‐exposed non‐PTSD (TE; n = 19) and healthy control (HC; n = 20). Using a crossover design, we assessed memory recall before and after an 8‐hr period of polysomnography‐monitored sleep and an 8‐hr period of regular waking activity. PTSD‐diagnosed participants retained less information than controls over the sleep‐filled (but not wake‐filled) delay. Furthermore, increased REM fragmentation predicted postsleep memory retention in PTSD‐diagnosed individuals only. No SWS parameter was associated with or predictive of the amount of information retained postsleep. We conclude that specific REM‐related changes in PTSD‐diagnosed individuals affected sleep‐dependent neutral declarative memory consolidation. Generally, these findings extend the literature suggesting that the co‐occurrence of sleep and memory difficulties in PTSD is not accidental, but that these two symptom clusters are meaningfully related. Specifically, the study illustrates that subtle REM‐related disruptions contribute most strongly to memory impairment in PTSD.

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“…In the 1980s and more recently, in collaboration with other countries in Africa, attempts were made to understand the success of traditional healers in the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders (Wessels, 1985 ; Gureje et al, 2015 ). Research has expanded in all branches of neuroscience to include neuroimaging studies of e.g., children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder which is highly prevalent in the Western Cape region of South Africa, as well as neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with tuberculous meningitis and hydrocephalus, which is also highly concentrated in this region, as well as neuropsychiatric genomics, psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, drug addiction, the neuropsychology of emotional experience, neurology, neurosurgery, functional neuroanatomy including neurogenesis and understanding neural disturbances in animal models of brain disorders, to name a few (Howells et al, 2016 ; Qulu et al, 2016 ; Rohlwink et al, 2016 ; Sterley et al, 2016 ; van Wyk et al, 2016 ; Dallé et al, 2017 ; Kilian et al, 2017 ; Mazengenya et al, 2017 ; Panksepp et al, 2017 ; Uys et al, 2017 ; Womersley et al, 2017 ; du Plessis et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on the Recent History of Neuroscience in Africa

Russell

2017

Front. Neuroanat.

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Neuroscience began with neuroanatomy and neurosurgery in Egypt more than 5000 years ago. Knowledge grew over time and specialized neurosurgery centers were established in north Africa in the eleventh century. However, it was not until the twentieth century that neuroscience research became established in sub-Saharan Africa. In most African countries, clinical research focused on understanding the rationale and improving treatment of epilepsy, infections, nutritional neuropathies, stroke and tumors. Significant advances were made. In the twenty-first century, African knowledge expanded to include all branches of neuroscience, contributing to genetic, biochemical and inflammatory determinants of brain disorders. A major focus of basic neuroscience research has been, and is, investigation of plant extracts, drugs and stress in animal models, providing insight and identifying potential novel therapies. A significant event in the history of African neuroscience was the founding of the Society of Neuroscientists of Africa (SONA) in 1993. The International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) supported SONA conferences, as well as workshops and neuroscience training schools in Africa. Thanks to their investment, as well as that of funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), World Federation of Neurology (WFN) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), neuroscience research is well-established in Africa today. However, in order to continue to develop, African neuroscience needs continued international support and African neuroscientists need to engage in policy and decision-making to persuade governments to fund studies that address the unique regional needs in Africa.

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Prominence of hyperarousal symptoms explains variability of sleep disruption in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Cited by 52 publications

References 51 publications

Feasibility of Resistance Exercise for Posttraumatic Stress and Anxiety Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Feasibility of Resistance Exercise for Posttraumatic Stress and Anxiety Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Rapid eye movement fragmentation, not slow‐wave sleep, predicts neutral declarative memory consolidation in posttraumatic stress disorder

Notes on the Recent History of Neuroscience in Africa

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