Promoter elements required for developmental expression of the maize Adh1 gene in transgenic rice.

Abstract

To define the regions of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) promoter that confer tissue-specific expression, a series of 5' promoter deletions and substitution mutations were linked to the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase A (uidA) reporter gene and introduced into rice plants. A region between -140 and -99 not only conferred anaerobically inducible expression in the roots of transgenic plants but was also required for expression in the root cap, embryo, and in endosperm under aerobic conditions. GC-rich (GC-1, GC-2, and GC-3) or GT-rich (GT-1 and GT-2) sequence motifs in this region were necessary for expression in these tissues, as they were in anaerobic expression. Expression in the root cap under aerobic conditions required all the GC- and GT-rich motifs. The GT-1, GC-1, GC-2, and GC-3 motifs, and to a lesser extent the GT-2 motif, were also required for anaerobic responsiveness in rice roots. All elements except the GC-3 motif were needed for endosperm-specific expression. The GC-2 motif and perhaps the GT-1 motif appeared to be the only elements required for high-level expression in the embryos of rice seeds. Promoter regions important for shoot-, embryo-, and pollen-specific expression were proximal to -99, and nucleotides required for shoot-specific expression occurred between positions -72 and -43. Pollen-specific expression required a sequence element outside the promoter region, between +54 and +106 of the untranslated leader, as well as a silencer element in the promoter between -72 and -43.

Conserved Noncoding Sequences among Cultivated Cereal Genomes Identify Candidate Regulatory Sequence Elements and Patterns of Promoter Evolution[W]

“…hanced sensitivity to dimethyl sulfate by in vivo footprinting, but only when Adh1 transcription is induced by hypoxia (Ferl and Nick, 1987;Paul and Ferl, 1991). Surprisingly, no CNS identified by these criteria were found to colocalize with the extensively studied ARE between Ϫ140 and Ϫ99 of the maize Adh1 gene (Walker et al, 1987;Olive et al, 1991), which also has been demonstrated to be important for proper anaerobically induced expression from the maize Adh1 promoter in transgenic rice (Kyozuka et al, 1994). However, as observed previously for other known regulatory motifs (Table 2), the important sequence elements within the Adh1 ARE were found as CNS when the window size was reduced to 10 bp (data not shown).…”

Promoter elements required for phloem‐specific gene expression from the RTBV promoter in rice

“…For example, the combinatorial interactions of different tissue-specific subdomains (cis elements) results in constitutive expression from the CaMV 35S promoter (Benfey and Chua, 1990). Different elements that are required for developmentally regulated expression of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adhl) gene promoter act combinatorially in transgenic rice plants (Kyozuka et al, 1994).…”

Mutations Affecting Induction of Glycolytic and Fermentative Genes during Germination and Environmental Stresses in Arabidopsis1

“…Biochemical studies have shown that oxygen deficiency in maize roots induces synthesis of approximately 20 anaerobic polypeptides (for review, see Sachs et al, 1980Sachs et al, , 1996, several of which have been identified as glycolytic and fermentative enzymes, including ADH and GAPDH (Freeling and Bennett, 1985;Ricard et al, 1989;Russell and Sachs, 1989;Xie and Wu, 1989;Yang et al, 1993). Several cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved in anaerobic induction of the ADH genes in maize and Arabidopsis have been identified (Ferl and Laughner, 1989;Dolferus et al, 1994;Kyozuka et al, 1994;Hoeren et al, 1998). Recent reports indicate that Ca 2ϩ may play an important role in the induction of ADH gene expression during anoxia in maize (Subbaiah et al, 1994a(Subbaiah et al, , 1994bSedbrook et al, 1996).…”