“…Specific to reading instruction, adaptive CAI has significantly improved elementary students' phonological awareness (Segers & Verhoeven, 2005; Shamir et al, 2018), phonics (Shamir et al, 2018), vocabulary and language development (Shamir et al, 2017; Y. Wang, 2016), word recognition (Cheung & Slavin, 2012; Shamir et al, 2017), and fluency (Council III et al, 2016; Shamir et al, 2017). A more limited body of research has shown that CAI has positive effects on reading comprehension (Schechter et al, 2015; Shamir et al, 2017, 2018).…”