Promotion of Growth and Flowering and Increase in Content of Endogenous Gibberellins in <i>Gladiolus</i> Plants Treated with the Growth Retardant CCC

Halevy, A. H.; Shilo, R

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1970.tb06479.x

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…But also if this growth substance activity would be more auxin-like, or if an auxinlike activity would be of additional influence, the observation remains that the mesocotyl effect of these fractions is enhanced by the presence of CCC in the medium. This latter observation seems to confirm the results of VAN BRAGT (1969), HALEVY & WITTWER (1965) and HALEVY & SHILO (1970). Yet experimental data are always too few to permit a synthetic view of the mode of action of CCC, GA and endogenous growth substances in the process of flower formation in Wedgwood iris.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Five days after application of CCC the total gibberellin content of the plants, as determined with the dwarf pea assay, was slightly larger than that of the controls. HALEVY & SHILO (1970) observed that application of CCC to gladiolus plants caused an increased growth and a greater number of flowers. The content of endogenous gibberellins in the aqueous fraction of their extract had also increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Effect of CCC on Growth and Endogenous Growth Substances in Wedgwood Iris

Pereira¹

1970

Acta Botanica Neerlandica

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The growth retardant (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammoniumchloride (CCC) was incorporated in a nutrient medium on which isolated buds and scales of Wedgwood iris were cultivated. CCC inhibited elongation of the older of the two leaf primordia that were left on the explant. In the process of leaf elongation a competitive interaction relationship with gibberellic acid could not be established, although both growth regulators act in opposite directions. CCC did not retard flower formation, which process is promoted by gibberellic acid. CCC promoted the production of gibberellin-like substances in excised scales.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of CCC on Growth and Endogenous Growth Substances in Wedgwood Iris

Pereira¹

1970

Acta Botanica Neerlandica

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“…The application of CCC to the apices under conditions which encourage fiower abortion produced results similar to those obtained from the GA treatment (Table 1), Despite the common assumption that CCC inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis and reduces its level in the tissue (Cross 1968, Lang 1970, several cases are known where this growth regulator had no effect on GA level or even increased the GA content (Van Bragt 1969, Halevy and Shilo 1970, Rodriguez-Pereira 1970, Reid and Crozier 1972, Erydman and Wareing 1974. A similar effect of reduced "blindness" by CCC treatment was obtained in gladiolus (Halevy and Shilo 1970). In roses there was no decrease in GA level due to CCC treatment (Zieslin and Halevy 1976d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Flower Bud Atrophy in Baccara Roses. V. The Effect of Different Growth Substances on Flowering

Zieslin

Halevy

1976

Physiologia Plantarum

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The effect of various growth regulators on the atrophy of terminal flower buds was tested on Baccara roses. Treatments with gibberellic acid (GA) and 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC) reduced the atrophy of the flowers. The application of 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (CEPA) to the buds enhanced abortion, and the effect was more marked on the lower than on the upper shoot. The stage most sensitive to CEPA was when the shoots were 8-35 cm long. Treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) had no effect of the degree of "blindness", nor did kinetin applied to the apex affect flowering. Spraying with benzyl adenine increased both the rate of sprouting of the lateral buds and the extent of "blindness" of the sprouting shoots, but did not reduce the number of flowers per branch.

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“…Standards were replicated five times. The method used was as described earlier (12,15). Incubation at 25 C on the rotator (1 rpm) lasted 32 hr.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Level of Phytohormones in Monoecious and Gynoecious Cucumbers as Affected by Photoperiod and Ethephon

1972

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The endogenous levels of auxin, gibberellin, and inhibitors were followed in monoecious and gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants, and in plants treated with the ethylene-releasing compound Ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid). Higher auxin inhibitor and lower gibberellin levels were associated with female tendency. The endogenous level of gibberellin and auxin decreased in Ethephon-treated plants. Appli (33). When ethylene evolution from cucumber plants was examined, more ethylene was evolved from apices of the gynoecious than from those of monoecious type (28).The interactions between auxin and ethylene are complex. Many studies have shown that auxins hasten the production of ethylene (1,6,8), that ethylene enhances the decomposition of auxin (3), and that it also inhibits the movement of auxin in the plant (3). A number of effects, in the past attributed to high levels of auxin, are now considered to be a result of ethylene production under the influence of auxin (5, 7).Little is known about the interaction between ethylene and gibberellin. Antagonism between them has been found in germination of wheat and the production of both a-amylase and invertase (31). Their action is also antagonistic in fruit ripening and in sex expression of flowers (13, 26). We are not aware of any publication on the effect of ethylene on endogenous gibberellin levels. Kang et al. (18) found that gibberellin had no effect on ethylene production in bean seedlings. They concluded that GA and ethylene effects in the development of the seedlings were independent.Since sex expression in cucumbers is influenced by Ethephon as well as by auxin and gibberellin, we tried to determine in the present work the effect of Ethephon on the level of the above phytohormones as well as on ABA and other native inhibitors, in an attempt to gain additional knowledge on the relation of these phytohormones to sex expression.MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material. Endogenous levels of growth substances were determined in the monoecious and gynoecious 'Bet Alpha' 2 lines of cucumber (Cucuinis sativus L.) plants. The gynoecious line was bred from the monoecious one and differs from it in the gene for femaleness (2). Under short day conditions it produces female flowers from the first or second node, under long day conditions male flowers are produced at the first six nodes, all the rest being female. In one experiment andromonoecious muskmelon plants (cv. Ananas PMR) were used.In most experiments plants were grown in growth chambers at 8-hr photoperiod under mixed fluorescent and incandescent lamp light of 3500 ft-c. Long day treatments were given by incandescent lamps of 70 to 80 ft-c. Temperature during the day, 8 hr, was 28 C, at all other times it was 18 C. In some experiments CO2 level was also controlled in the chambers.In a few experiments plants were grown in a phytotron under natural light intensities. Long days were given by extending the natural day to 16 hr by incandescent lamps of 100 ft-c.

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Promotion of Growth and Flowering and Increase in Content of Endogenous Gibberellins in Gladiolus Plants Treated with the Growth Retardant CCC

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

The Effect of CCC on Growth and Endogenous Growth Substances in Wedgwood Iris

The Effect of CCC on Growth and Endogenous Growth Substances in Wedgwood Iris

Flower Bud Atrophy in Baccara Roses. V. The Effect of Different Growth Substances on Flowering

The Level of Phytohormones in Monoecious and Gynoecious Cucumbers as Affected by Photoperiod and Ethephon

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