Promotion of organic reactions by ultrasound: Coupling of alkyl and aryl halides in the presence of lithium metal and ultrasound

Abstract

Bromopropane, bromobutane, and bromopentane were found to react vigorously with lithium in ether solution when bombarded with ultrasound to give hexane, octane, and decane, but little reaction took place in the absence of sonication.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of a Metal–Organic Framework: A Green General Chemistry Laboratory Project

“…Therefore, ultrasonic-assisted synthesis methods provide a powerful tool for chemists and should be introduced to students early in their careers, allowing instructors to bring up discussions ranging from green chemistry to safety. To the best of our knowledge, in this Journal , ultrasonic-assisted synthesis has rarely been reported in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum. − …”

Ultrasonic-Assisted Transesterification: A Green Miniscale Organic Laboratory Experiment

“…Therefore, ultrasonic-assisted synthetic methods can be easily introduced to the undergraduate curriculum, providing avenues to many discussions ranging from green chemistry and safety to fundamental solution phase chemistry. To the best of our knowledge, in this Journal , few examples of ultrasonic-assisted synthesis with the ultrasonic probes have been reported in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum. ,, However, ultrasonic-assisted synthetic method with ultrasonic cleaners in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum has rarely been reported …”

“…To the best of our knowledge, in this Journal, few examples of ultrasonic-assisted synthesis with the ultrasonic probes have been reported in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum. 1,7,8 However, ultrasonic-assisted synthetic method with ultrasonic cleaners in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum has rarely been reported. 9 Biodiesel, fatty acids methyl esters (FAMES), is a better fuel in terms of engine performance, emissions reduction, lubricity, and environmental benefits as well as its availability from renewable resources, such as refined and waste vegetable oils and fats.…”

Ultrasound promoted Wurtz coupling of alkyl bromides and dibromides

“…Coupling dibromoalkanes containing branched alkyl groups offers the potential for forming polyolefins with controlled shortchain branches although further detail on the products and reaction mechanism is needed in order to evaluate the potential of this reaction. As far as we are aware, to date the Wurtz type coupling of halogenoalkanes has only been studied for 1chloropropane [6] and 1 bromobutane [14]. We therefore present here an investigation into the coupling of bromopentane isomers.…”