Properties of concrete containing electric arc furnace steel slag and steel sludge

Roslan, Nurul Hidayah; Ismail, Mohammad; Khalid, Nur Hafizah A.; Muhammad, Bala

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101060

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The water permeability was minimal and morphological tests showed that the concrete containing slag appeared to be denser than the standard concrete. The results of the leaching tests showed that the partial replacement of the cement with EAF-C slag did not represent any threat to the environment [86]. Other tests revealed a decrease in the electric conductivity over time, low pozzolanic properties due to a low content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in EAF-C slag, and a continuing loss of weight with the increase of the temperature and minerals with predominant amorphous structure, coexisting with some crystalline peaks [52].…”

Section: Electric Arc Furnace Slag: Reuse In Concrete 331 Eaf Slag As Partial Replacement Of Cementmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…No direct link between workability and compressive strength was found [10,32]. On the other hand, in [86], authors obtained good results for compressive strength, especially for mixes with 10% EAF-C slag-cement replacement (about 27, 27, 7, 8, and 13% higher after 3, 7, 28, 60, and 90 days, respectively, compared to the mix with natural aggregates). Regarding flexural strength, increases of approximately 11, 8, and 6% were obtained after 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively, for mixes with 10% EAF-C slag-cement replacement.…”

Section: Electric Arc Furnace Slag: Reuse In Concrete 331 Eaf Slag As Partial Replacement Of Cementmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Use of Iron and Steel Slags in Concrete: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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In the two last decades, world production of pig iron and steel has undergone a significant increase. In 2018, 1252.87 and 1806.46 million tons of pig iron and steel, respectively, were produced as compared to the 575.78 and 809.94 million tons of 2000. Consequently, the amount of the different types of slags deriving from these production processes has also increased considerably. In relation to the principles of sustainability and circular economy, the available literature suggests several possible reuses for these slags (bituminous conglomerates, hydraulic engineering, metallurgy, fertilizers, etc.). This paper aims to provide an overview of the iron and steel slags production and their reuse in concrete (for example as replacement of cement, fine or coarse aggregates). The characteristics of slags are analyzed in terms of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Mechanical and durability tests (both from material and structures point of view) carried out in the different studies and research are shown as well. Particular attention was devoted to electric arc furnace slags (EAF) since they are the most produced in Italy. Based on this deep literature review, the gaps that still require further studies have been identified and discussed.

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Section: Electric Arc Furnace Slag: Reuse In Concrete 331 Eaf Slag As Partial Replacement Of Cementmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Electric Arc Furnace Slag: Reuse In Concrete 331 Eaf Slag As Partial Replacement Of Cementmentioning

confidence: 96%

Use of Iron and Steel Slags in Concrete: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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“…An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a metallurgical furnace for melting and converting scrap steel into new steel by using a high current level. The electrodes installed on an EAF's top-head provide its energy, which is estimated as the energy required to power a city with a population of 100,000 [1]. A schematic diagram of an EAF is presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introduction 1necessity and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Machine Learning-Based Framework for Optimal and Secure Operation of Static VAR Compensators in EAFs

et al. 2021

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A static VAR compensator (SVC) is a critical component for reactive power compensation in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) that is used to relieve the flicker impacts and maintain the voltage level. A weak voltage profile can not only reduce the power-quality services, but can also result in system instability in severe cases. The cybersecurity of EAFs is becoming a significant concern due to their cyber-physical structure. The reliance of SVC controllers on reactive power measurement and network communications has resulted in a cyber-vulnerability point for unauthorized access to the EAF, which can affect its normal operation. This paper addresses concerns about cyber attacks on EAFs, which can cause network communication issues in measurement data for SVCs. Three significant and different types of cyber attacks that are launched on SVC controllers—a replay attack, delay attack, and false data injection attack (FDIA)—were simulated and investigated. In order to stop the activities of cyber attacks, a secured anomaly detection model (ADM) based on a prediction interval is proposed. The proposed model is dependent on a support vector regression and a new smooth cost function for constructing the optimal and symmetrical intervals. A modified algorithm based on teaching–learning-based optimization was developed to adapt the ADM’s parameters during training. The simulation’s outcomes on a genuine dataset showed the strong capability of the proposed model against cyber attacks in EAFs.

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“…Electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS), one of the discarded materials from steel making plants, has been found to be useful for concrete production [13][14][15][16][17]. Apparently, the management of this waste can contribute to the effective management of the steel industry, as it can be used in ecofriendly way, owing to its physical structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS) as coarse aggregate

Murthi¹,

Poongodi²,

Awoyera

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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This study investigates the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating electric arc furnace oxidizing slag as coarse aggregate. A binary blend of 30% fly ash and cement was utilized as binder to improve the performance of concrete in its fresh state. Concrete grades M20, M30 and M40 were developed by replacing natural coarse aggregate with 50% and 100% electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS) aggregate. Thus, fresh properties of SCC; slump flow, T500, U box, V funnel and L-box were determined. From the evaluation of fresh properties, it is shown that the grades of concretes developed passed the set standard limits for SCC. The results showed that 50% EAFOS addition to SCC will not deter its fresh properties in any way, however, when EAFOS was added up to 100%, there was reduction in workability properties of the concrete. The study showcases the significant potential of EAFOS as an alternative aggregate in SCC. Thus, the data provided in this study will be useful for concrete constructors.

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Properties of concrete containing electric arc furnace steel slag and steel sludge

Cited by 59 publications

References 50 publications

Use of Iron and Steel Slags in Concrete: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Use of Iron and Steel Slags in Concrete: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

A Novel Machine Learning-Based Framework for Optimal and Secure Operation of Static VAR Compensators in EAFs

Fresh properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS) as coarse aggregate

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