Properties of Wave Propagation in the Oscillatory Neural Network in Limax marginatus

Iwama, Akifumi; Yabunaka, Atsuo; Kono, Eiji; Kimura, Tetsuya; Sekiguchi, Toshio

doi:10.2108/zsj.16.407

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Based on these findings, we hypothesized in the present model that the PC lobe receives odor information directly from the tentacles and preference information from MsC/MtC, where preference information is evoked from odor or taste information. This hypothesis is supported by the experimental findings that some neurons in MtC contain serotonin (Shirahata et al 2004) and that serotonin alters the frequency (Gelperin et al 1993) and wave propagation (Iwama et al 1999) of PC oscillation. According to an optical recording study by Makinae et al (2008), stimulation of tentacle nerves first evokes activity in MtC followed by that in PC, a finding which also supports our hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Internal representation and memory formation of odor preference based on oscillatory activities in a terrestrial slug

Sekiguchi¹,

Furudate²,

Kimura³

2010

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The terrestrial slug Limax exhibits a highly developed ability to learn odors with a small nervous system. When a fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow (LY), is injected into the slug's body cavity after odor -taste associative conditioning, a group of neurons in the procerebral (PC) lobe, an olfactory center of the slug, is labeled by LY. We examined the relationships between conditioning strategies and LY labeling. The positions of LY-labeled neurons in the PC lobe after appetitive conditioning were more apical than those after aversive conditioning and did not depend on the conditioned odor, suggesting that the biological value of odors affected the position of LY-labeled neural clusters. A simple computational model consisting of two layers of oscillators with electrical synaptic interaction was constructed based on physiological features of the PC lobe, and showed that the oscillatory phase difference between the layers contributed to determination of the positions of LY-labeled neurons, suggesting that phase difference in oscillatory activity plays a role in the association of odors and the preference for them. (Wehr and Laurent 1996); and (6) they play roles in the mechanisms of fine odor discrimination (Stopfer et al. 1997;Teyke and Gelperin 1999).For terrestrial slugs, olfactory information is the most important means of recognizing the external world, and slugs exhibit various types of odor learning (Sahley et al. 1981(Sahley et al. , 1990Hopfield and Gelperin 1989;Suzuki et al. 1994). Slugs have two pairs of tentacles that sense odors via olfactory receptors at their tips. Odor information is transferred to the procerebral (PC) lobe, which is the lateral part of the cerebral ganglion and is specialized for olfactory information processing in terrestrial slugs and snails (Ratte and Chase 1997;Chase 2000;Zaitseva 2000). On the surface of the PC lobe, large numbers of cell bodies of interneurons are arranged and elongate their neuropils toward the inside of the PC lobe, where afferent fibers from the tentacles are projected (Kawahara et al. 1997). The PC exhibits oscillation of local field potentials (LFP) at 0.7 Hz (Gelperin and Tank 1990). It is thus suitable for study of the contribution of oscillation to information processing in a nervous system that features learning, and has been studied extensively (for reviews, see Gelperin 1999Gelperin , 2006Watanabe et al. 2008). For example, LFP oscillation is synchronized over the entire PC lobe, with wave propagation from apical to basal parts (Delany et al. 1994;Kawahara et al. 1997;Kimura et al. 1998c). The application of learned odors changes the frequency of the LFP oscillation (Kimura et al. 1998a;Inoue et al. 2006). In addition, when a fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow (LY), is injected into the body cavity after odor learning, some of the PC interneurons incorporate the dye (Kimura et al. 1998b;Gelperin 1999;Ermentrout et al. 2001). Since the incorporation of LY depends on conditioning treatment and the duration between conditioning and LY injection (Kimura...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Internal representation and memory formation of odor preference based on oscillatory activities in a terrestrial slug

Sekiguchi¹,

Furudate²,

Kimura³

2010

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“…If local oscillations could be entrained into the central oscillation provided by motor neurons, the peripheral network localized on the skin might contribute to this process. Oscillatory networks that produce collective firing patterns have been found in a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate CNSs [21] , [22] , [29] , [30] , [31] , and they are thought to contribute to a variety of temporal activity patterns in motor systems [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] and assembled-activity patterns in information processing systems by using their self-organizing ability [36] . The PCL network may generate chromatic patterns in a manner similar to those of other oscillatory networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatophore Activity during Natural Pattern Expression by the Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana: Contributions of Miniature Oscillation

et al. 2011

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Squid can rapidly change the chromatic patterns on their body. The patterns are created by the expansion and retraction of chromatophores. The chromatophore consists of a central pigment-containing cell surrounded by radial muscles that are controlled by motor neurons located in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study we used semi-intact squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) displaying centrally controlled natural patterns to analyze spatial and temporal activities of chromatophores located on the dorsal mantle skin. We found that chromatophores oscillated with miniature expansions/retractions at various frequencies, even when the chromatic patterns appear macroscopically stable. The frequencies of this miniature oscillation differed between “feature” and “background” areas of chromatic patterns. Higher frequencies occurred in feature areas, whereas lower frequencies were detected in background areas. We also observed synchronization of the oscillation during chromatic pattern expression. The expansion size of chromatophores oscillating at high frequency correlated with the number of synchronized chromatophores but not the oscillation frequency. Miniature oscillations were not observed in denervated chromatophores. These results suggest that miniature oscillations of chromatophores are driven by motor neuronal activities in the CNS and that frequency and synchrony of this oscillation determine the chromatic pattern and the expansion size, respectively.

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“…Although acetylcholine can alter the dynamics of the spontaneous oscillations in the PC lobe (Iwama et al ., 1999;Watanabe et al ., 2001), no histochemical studies on the distribution of the AChE-containing neurons in the primary and central olfactory systems in slugs have been performed. Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that picrotoxin, which is an antagonist of γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Lymnaea neurons (Rubakhin et al ., 1996) and in locust neurons (Stopfer et al ., 1997), decreases the amplitude of oscillatory activity in the tentacular nerve, which carries afferent signals to the PC lobe in L. marginatus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Relationship between Odor-Induced Spike Activity and Spontaneous Oscillations in the Primary Olfactory System of the Terrestrial Slug Limax marginatus

Ito¹,

Watanabe²,

Kimura³

et al. 2003

Zoological Science

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Properties of Wave Propagation in the Oscillatory Neural Network in Limax marginatus

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Internal representation and memory formation of odor preference based on oscillatory activities in a terrestrial slug

Internal representation and memory formation of odor preference based on oscillatory activities in a terrestrial slug

Chromatophore Activity during Natural Pattern Expression by the Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana: Contributions of Miniature Oscillation

Negative Relationship between Odor-Induced Spike Activity and Spontaneous Oscillations in the Primary Olfactory System of the Terrestrial Slug Limax marginatus

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