Proposal for a unified CCN nomenclature

Brigstock, David R.; Goldschmeding, Roel; Katsube, Ken‐ichi; Lam, Stephen; Lau, Lester F.; Lyons, Karen M.; Naus, Christian C.; Perbal, Bernard; Riser, Bruce L.; Takigawa, Masaharu; Yeger, Herman

doi:10.1136/mp.56.2.127

Cited by 230 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A novel class of promising proteins are represented by the angiomatrix signaling proteins cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). 22,23 Both factors play a role in angiogenesis and are upregulated in fracture healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the angiomatrix and angiogenic proteins CYR61, CTGF, and VEGF in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Radke

Battmann

Jatzke

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Angiogenesis and bone repair are closely linked processes. VEGF, CYR61, and CTGF have been identified as signaling factors that control angiogenesis and could be important in fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of these signaling factors in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Twenty‐one bone cylinders were retrieved from hips of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head at different ARCO stages. Immunohistochemistry for CD34, CYR61, CTGF, and VEGF expression was done on each bone cylinder representing the different regions of osteonecrosis (necrosis, fibrosis, transition zone, and edematous area). VEGF, CYR61, and CTGF were expressed in samples with osteonecrosis. Particularly VEGF and CYR61 were highly expressed in the edematous area. CYR61 was also highly expressed in the transition zone. CTGF was expressed mainly in the area of marrow fibrosis and edema. CYR61, CTGF, and VEGF are expressed to different degrees in the different repair zones of osteonecrosis. Particularly, the high expression of VEGF and CYR61 in the edematous area may represent a consequence of hypoxia and indicate a role of these proteins in the repair processes ongoing in osteonecrosis. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the angiomatrix and angiogenic proteins CYR61, CTGF, and VEGF in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Radke

Battmann

Jatzke

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…The mechanism of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma is very complicated, and includes cell adhesion, matrix degradation, cell migration and angiogenesis [3][4][5][6][7] . CCN gene family is a group of growth factor-inducible immediate-early genes, including cysteine-rich61 (Cyr61), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), nephroblastoma overexpressed gene (Nov), Wnt-1 induced secreted protein 1 (WISP-1), WISP-2, WISP-3 [8,9] . CCN proteins are secreted extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins that regulate cellular processes, such as adhesion, migration, mitogenesis, differentiation and survival [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressions of cysteine-rich61, connective tissue growth factor and Nov genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical significance

Zeng

Yang²,

Ding³

et al. 2004

WJG

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“…5,6 The CCN family derives its name from the three founding members: cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61/CCN1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV/CCN3). 7,8 The family also includes Wnt-inducible secreted protein-1 (WISP1/CCN4), WISP2/CCN5, and WISP3/CCN6. 9 These matricellular proteins are grouped together based on the similarity of four modular domains, which include an insulin-like growth factor-binding domain, a von Willebrand factor type C domain (VWC), a thrombospondin type-1 repeat domain, and a cysteine-knot-containing C-terminal domain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CCN3 Impairs Osteoblast and Stimulates Osteoclast Differentiation to Favor Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone

Ouellet

Tiedemann

Mourskaia

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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Bone is a preferred site for breast cancer metastasis, causing pain, fractures, spinal cord compressions, and hypercalcemia, all of which can significantly diminish the patient's quality of life. We identified CCN3 as a novel factor that is highly expressed in bone metastatic breast cancer cells from a xenograft mouse model and in bone metastatic lesions from patients with breast cancer. We demonstrate that CCN3 overexpression enhances the ability of weakly bone metastatic breast cancer cells to colonize and grow in the bone without altering their growth in the mammary fat pad. We further demonstrated that human recombinant CCN3 inhibits osteoblast differentiation from primary bone marrow cultures, leading to a higher receptor activator of NF-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio. In conjunction with its ability to impair osteoblast differentiation, we uncovered a novel role for CCN3 in promoting osteoclast differentiation from RANKL-primed monocyte precursors. CCN3 exerts its proosteoclastogenic effects by promoting calcium oscillations and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) nuclear translocation. Together, these results demonstrate that CCN3 regulates the differentiation of bone resident cells to create a resorptive environment that promotes the formation of osteolytic breast cancer metastases. Bone is the preferred site for breast cancer metastasis. 1,2Although patients with bone metastasis display better overall survival relative to patients with visceral metastases, their quality of life can be significantly diminished due to pain, fractures, spinal cord compressions, and hypercalcemia. Given the pivotal role of the osteoclast in bone breakdown associated with osteolytic lesions, bisphosphonates (a class of drugs that inhibit osteoclast-dependent bone resorption) are routinely given to patients with breast cancer bone metastases. 4 However, significant research efforts are now focused on the identification and development of targeted therapeutics to further enhance the management of breast cancer metastasis. 5,6

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Proposal for a unified CCN nomenclature

Cited by 230 publications

References 9 publications

Expression of the angiomatrix and angiogenic proteins CYR61, CTGF, and VEGF in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Expression of the angiomatrix and angiogenic proteins CYR61, CTGF, and VEGF in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Expressions of cysteine-rich61, connective tissue growth factor and Nov genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical significance

CCN3 Impairs Osteoblast and Stimulates Osteoclast Differentiation to Favor Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone

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