Prospective study on cytokine levels in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder

Lee, Hojun; Song, Minjae; Lee, Jong-Ha; Kim, Jung Bum; Lee, Moon Soo

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.125

Cited by 28 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…IL-10, a prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, was closely related to depression (Li et al, 2020). Lower IL-10 has been observed in depression, while IL-10 was elevated after antidepressant treatment (Dai et al, 2020;Lee et al, 2020). In contrast, studies have reported higher IL-10 in depressive patients and decreased IL-10 after treatment for depression (Köhler et al, 2018;Himmerich et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Brunoni et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Exposure to Ceftriaxone Sodium Induces Alteration of Gut Microbiota Accompanied by Abnormal Behaviors in Mice

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Background: Growing evidence points out that a disturbance of gut microbiota may also disturb the gut-brain communication. However, it is not clear to what extent the alteration of microbiota composition can modulate brain function, affecting host behaviors. Here, we investigated the effects of gut microbiota depletion on emotional behaviors. Methods: Mice in the experimental group were orally administered ceftriaxone sodium solution (250 mg/ml, 0.2 ml/d) for 11 weeks. The open-field test and tail-suspension test were employed for the neurobehavioral assessment of the mice. Fecal samples were collected for 16s rDNA sequencing. The serum levels of cytokines and corticosterone were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The immunohistochemistry method was used for the detection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-Fos protein. Results: The gut microbiota for antibiotic-treated mice showed lower richness and diversity compared with normal controls. This effect was accompanied by increased anxiety-like, depression-like, and aggressive behaviors. We found these changes to be possibly associated with a dysregulation of the immune system, abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and an alteration of neurochemistry. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the indispensable role of microbiota in the gut-brain communication and suggest that the absence of conventional gut microbiota could affect the nervous system, influencing brain function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Exposure to Ceftriaxone Sodium Induces Alteration of Gut Microbiota Accompanied by Abnormal Behaviors in Mice

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Cytokine levels are affected by antidepressant treatment, but the results are conflicting. Previous studies have shown that therapeutic doses of antidepressants-clomipramine, sertraline, escitalopram and trazodone lowered IFN-γ levels and increased levels of IL-10 [22,56], and clomipramine, imipramine, and citalopram decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ [10].…”

Section: Cytokines Changes and The Treatment Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Personalized Medicine Using Neuroimmunological Biomarkers in Depressive Disorders

Chi

Lee

2021

JPM

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased suicidal risk and reduced productivity at work. Neuroimmunology, the study of the immune system and nervous system, provides further insight into the pathogenesis and outcome of MDD. Cytokines are the main modulators of neuroimmunology, and their levels are somewhat entangled in depressive disorders as they affect depressive symptoms and are affected by antidepressant treatment. The use of cytokine-derived medication as a treatment option for MDD is currently a topic of interest. Although not very promising, cytokines are also considered as possible prognostic or diagnostic markers for depression. The machine learning approach is a powerful tool for pattern recognition and has been used in psychiatry for finding useful patterns in data that have translational meaning and can be incorporated in daily clinical practice. This review focuses on the current knowledge of neuroimmunology and depression and the possible use of machine learning to widen our understanding of the topic.

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“…These studies have investigated several markers including IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and CRP [27] kines are generally divided into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, have been suggested to be associated with depressive disorders [8,11,12,14,25,[28][29][30]. Additionally, IL-6 and TNF-α negatively impact serotonin production and integrity [31], which may increase the risk of depression.…”

Section: The Cytokines In Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were relatively consistent findings showing an increase in several cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with depressive disorder compared to the healthy control group [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In addition, it has been shown that an increase or decrease in certain cytokines also affects the treatment outcome with antidepressants [11,13,14]. In the association between the neuroimmune system and depressive disorder, interest in the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as cytokines has increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

Lee¹,

Chi²,

Lee³

2021

Preprint

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Depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence is a highly prevalent mood disorder that tends to recur throughout life. Untreated mood disorders can adversely impact a patient's quality of life and cause socioeconomic loss. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. However, until now, diagnoses and treatments are conducted according to clinical symptoms. Objective and biological validation are lacking. This may result in a poor outcome for patients with depressive disorder. Research has been conducted to identify the biomarkers that are related to depressive disorder. Cumulative evidence has revealed that certain immunologic biomarkers in-cluding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines, gastrointestinal biomarkers, hormones, oxidative stress, and certain hypothalamus-pituitary axis biomarkers are associated with depressive disorder. This article reviews the biomarkers related to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric depressive disorders. To date, clinical biomarker tests are not yet available for diagnosis or for the prediction of treatment prognosis. However, cytokines such as Interleukin-2, interfer-on-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and BDNF have shown significant results in previous studies of pediatric depressive disorder. These biomarkers have the potential to be used for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and group screening for those at high risk.

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Prospective study on cytokine levels in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Long-Term Exposure to Ceftriaxone Sodium Induces Alteration of Gut Microbiota Accompanied by Abnormal Behaviors in Mice

Long-Term Exposure to Ceftriaxone Sodium Induces Alteration of Gut Microbiota Accompanied by Abnormal Behaviors in Mice

Personalized Medicine Using Neuroimmunological Biomarkers in Depressive Disorders

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

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