“…The international body of research has confirmed the unpreparedness and discomfort that teachers can experience when required integrating technology into their teaching (Baytak & Hirca, 2013;Chen & Jiang, 2014;Hughes, 2005;McNiff & Whitehead, 2006;Joo, Lim, & Kim, 2016). Numerous studies have been conducted to understand how to effectively develop teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK; Angeli & Valanides, 2005;Koehler, Mishra, & Yahya, 2007;Koehler & Mishra, 2009;Niess, 2005;Olofson, Swallow, & Neumann, 2016).…”