Prospective timing under dual-task paradigms: attentional and contextual-change mechanisms

Kladopoulos, Chris N.; Hemmes, Nancy S.; Brown, Bruce L.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2003.12.004

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The first finding is in line with the studies described in the Introduction, highlighting the underestimation of durations in dual-task conditions compared with single-task conditions both by children (Gautier & Droit-Volet, 2002) and by adults (e.g., Champagne & Fortin, 2008;Kladopoulos et al, 2004). Within the context of accumulator timing models, this shortening effect observed in a dual-task condition is conventionally attributed to a loss of temporal information (pulses) due to attentional resources being drawn away from timing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…As such, its processing requires cognitive resources. This idea has been extensively supported by dual-task studies showing that parallel processing of a temporal task and a nontemporal task impairs duration estimation, leading participants to systematically underestimate durations (e.g., Brown & Merchant, 2007;Casini & Macar, 1997;Champagne & Fortin, 2008;Kladopoulos, Hemmes, & Brown, 2004;Predebon, 1996;Sawyer, 2003). This subjective shortening of perceived durations under dualtask conditions is widely taken as evidence that temporal processing requires working memory resources that are also needed by the concurrent nontemporal task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Bidirectional interference between timing and concurrent memory processing in children

Rattat

2010

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Bidirectional interference between timing and concurrent memory processing in children

Rattat

2010

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…Indeed, dual-task performance in animals has been sporadically examined (e.g. Olton et al 1988;Block & Zakay 1996;Lejeune 1998Lejeune , 1999Zakay 2000;Kladopoulos et al 2004). Typical animal protocols use single-task paradigms.…”

Section: The Locus Of Interaction Between the Timekeeper And Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Relative time sharing: new findings and an extension of the resource allocation model of temporal processing

Buhusi

Meck

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

143

163

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Individuals time as if using a stopwatch that can be stopped or reset on command. Here, we review behavioural and neurobiological data supporting the time-sharing hypothesis that perceived time depends on the attentional and memory resources allocated to the timing process. Neuroimaging studies in humans suggest that timekeeping tasks engage brain circuits typically involved in attention and working memory. Behavioural, pharmacological, lesion and electrophysiological studies in lower animals support this time-sharing hypothesis. When subjects attend to a second task, or when intruder events are presented, estimated durations are shorter, presumably due to resources being taken away from timing. Here, we extend the time-sharing hypothesis by proposing that resource reallocation is proportional to the perceived contrast, both in temporal and non-temporal features, between intruders and the timed events. New findings support this extension by showing that the effect of an intruder event is dependent on the relative duration of the intruder to the intertrial interval. The conclusion is that the brain circuits engaged by timekeeping comprise not only those primarily involved in time accumulation, but also those involved in the maintenance of attentional and memory resources for timing, and in the monitoring and reallocation of those resources among tasks.

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“…An established method of varying the allocation of attention is to require participants to perform a secondary (nontemporal) task simultaneously with a timing task. Kladopoulos, Hemmes, and Brown (2003), for example, asked participants to estimate time intervals while reading words aloud and compared these intervals to estimates produced without a secondary task. Time estimates were shorter when an additional task was performed, which is consistent with results of other studies (Burle & Casini, 2001;Champagne & Fortin, 2008;Chaston & Kingstone, 2004;Kojima & Matsuda, 2000;Sawyer, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The heart beat does not make us tick: The impacts of heart rate and arousal on time perception

Schwarz

Winkler

Sedlmeier

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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According to popular models of human time perception, variations in prospective timing are caused by two factors: the pulse rate of an internal pacemaker and the amount of attention directed to the passage of time. The results concerning the effect of attention on subjective timing have been conclusive, but the mechanisms that drive the pacemaker are still far from being understood. In two experiments, we examined the impact of two factors that in the existing literature on human time perception have been argued to affect such a pacemaker: arousal and heart rate. Experienced arousal and heart rate were varied independently by means of specific physical exercises: (a) A muscle exercise increased arousal and heart rate; (b) a breath-holding exercise increased arousal but decreased heart rate; and (c) in the control condition, arousal and heart rate were held constant. The results indicate that increased subjective arousal leads to higher time estimates, whereas heart rate itself has no relevant impact on time perception. The results are discussed with respect to the underlying mechanisms of prospective time perception.

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Prospective timing under dual-task paradigms: attentional and contextual-change mechanisms

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Bidirectional interference between timing and concurrent memory processing in children

Bidirectional interference between timing and concurrent memory processing in children

Relative time sharing: new findings and an extension of the resource allocation model of temporal processing

The heart beat does not make us tick: The impacts of heart rate and arousal on time perception

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