Prospects of nanomaterials-enabled biosensors for COVID-19 detection

Abstract

We are currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic which is the consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Since no specific vaccines or drugs have been developed till date for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, early diagnosis is essential to further combat this pandemic. In this context, the reliable, rapid, and low-cost technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis is the foremost priority. At present reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the reference technique presently being used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in a number of cases, false results have been noticed in COVID-19 diagnosis. To develop advanced techniques, researchers are continuously working and in the series of constant efforts, nanomaterials-enabled biosensing approaches can be a hope to offer novel techniques that may perhaps meet the current demand of fast and early diagnosis of COVID-19 cases. This paper provides an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic and nanomaterials-enabled biosensing approaches that have been recently reported for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Though limited studies on the development of nanomaterials enabled biosensing techniques for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, this review summarizes nanomaterials mediated improved biosensing strategies and the possible mechanisms that may be responsible for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease. It is reviewed that nanomaterials e.g. gold nanostructures, lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles (NPs), graphene and iron oxide NPs can be potentially used to develop advanced techniques offered by colorimetric, amperometric, impedimetric, fluorescence, and optomagnetic based biosensing of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, critical issues that are likely to accelerate the development of nanomaterials-enabled biosensing for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been discussed in detail. This review may serve as a guide for the development of advanced techniques for nanomaterials enabled biosensing to fulfill the present demand of low-cost, rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.

Nanotechnology: an emerging approach to combat COVID-19

“…Metal nanoparticles like gold, iron oxide, graphene, tin oxide, and polymeric nanoparticles, viz., lanthanide-doped polysterene NPs, carboxyl polymer, and polymer nanoparticles coated with streptavidin dye, are being used in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 [ 30 ]. Gold NPs possess high plasmon resonance due to their metallic properties and enable easy detection of RNA, DNA, antigen, and antibody with a sensitivity ranging from 89 to 100% [ 27 ].…”

A Review on Emerging Pathogenesis of Covid-19 and Points of Concern for Research Communities in Nigeria

“…Biosensors possess the capability to detect and convert specific biological response into signals that can be quickly translated, as such nanomaterials enabled biosensors have been found to offer a very fast and early diagnosis of COVID-19 cases (Srivastava et al, 2021). Artificial intelligence using artificial neural networks and machine learning systems have been statistically assessed and found to be valuable in predicting the results of molecular diagnostic test for SARS-COV-2 (Langer et al, 2020).…”

The Perspective on Bio-Nano Interface Technology for Covid-19

“…This rapid diagnosis kit progresses in the identification of infection on time, though the viral loading in the infected sample might obstruct the diagnosis. To resolve the above-mentioned issues, two-dimensional gold nanoislands are functionalized with the complementary oligonucleotide sequence of elected Covid19 gene sequence (RdRp-COVID, ORF1ab-COVID, and E genes from SARS-Cov-2) (Parihar et al, 2020;Srivastava et al, 2021). During the nucleic acid hybridization with the infected sample, two different angles of incidence at their plasmonic photothermal (PPT) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) exhibited the two different excited wavelengths (Xu et al, 2020).…”