Protecting against different subtypes of influenza viruses: a nanoparticle approach

Yi, Changhua; Yi, Yongxiang; Li, Junwei; Sacitharan, Pradeep Kumar

doi:10.1038/s41392-020-0157-3

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Initial lead candidates are further characterized in vivo for stability, pharmacological properties, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. Nanocarriers (such as nanoparticles, liposomes, or viral particles) have improved the efficacy and delivery of molecules targeting cGAS-STING, used in the treatment of solid tumors, lymphomas or to potentiate influenza vaccine response (131)(132)(133). In addition, using a mass spectrometry-based ligand screening technique, Siu et al successfully generated STING antagonist molecules based on their compatibility with oral administration and efficacy to stabilize human STING dimer in an inactive conformation (134).…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectives: Cgas-sting As A Targetable Pathway In Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate–Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase (cGAS), a Multifaceted Platform of Intracellular DNA Sensing

Verrier

Langevin

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Innate immune pathways are the first line of cellular defense against pathogen infections ranging from bacteria to Metazoa. These pathways are activated following the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by membrane and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors. In addition, some of these cellular sensors can also recognize endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) arising from damaged or dying cells and triggering innate immune responses. Among the cytosolic nucleic acid sensors, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) plays an essential role in the activation of the type I interferon (IFNs) response and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Indeed, upon nucleic acid binding, cGAS synthesizes cGAMP, a second messenger mediating the activation of the STING signaling pathway. The functional conservation of the cGAS-STING pathway during evolution highlights its importance in host cellular surveillance against pathogen infections. Apart from their functions in immunity, cGAS and STING also play major roles in nuclear functions and tumor development. Therefore, cGAS-STING is now considered as an attractive target to identify novel biomarkers and design therapeutics for auto-inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as infectious diseases and cancer. Here, we review the current knowledge about the structure of cGAS and the evolution from bacteria to Metazoa and present its main functions in defense against pathogens and cancer, in connection with STING. The advantages and limitations of in vivo models relevant for studying the cGAS-STING pathway will be discussed for the notion of species specificity and in the context of their integration into therapeutic screening assays targeting cGAG and/or STING.

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Section: Discussion and Perspectives: Cgas-sting As A Targetable Pathway In Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate–Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase (cGAS), a Multifaceted Platform of Intracellular DNA Sensing

Verrier

Langevin

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Promising Adjuvants and Platforms for Influenza Vaccine Development

et al. 2021

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Influenza is one of the major threats to public health. Current influenza vaccines cannot provide effective protection against drifted or shifted influenza strains. Researchers have considered two important strategies to develop novel influenza vaccines with improved immunogenicity and broader protective efficacy. One is applying fewer variable viral antigens, such as the haemagglutinin stalk domain. The other is including adjuvants in vaccine formulations. Adjuvants are promising and helpful boosters to promote more rapid and stronger immune responses with a dose-sparing effect. However, few adjuvants are currently licensed for human influenza vaccines, although many potential candidates are in different trials. While many advantages have been observed using adjuvants in influenza vaccine formulations, an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying viral infection and vaccination-induced immune responses will help to develop new adjuvant candidates. In this review, we summarize the works related to adjuvants in influenza vaccine research that have been used in our studies and other laboratories. The review will provide perspectives for the utilization of adjuvants in developing next-generation and universal influenza vaccines.

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Protecting against different subtypes of influenza viruses: a nanoparticle approach

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate–Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase (cGAS), a Multifaceted Platform of Intracellular DNA Sensing

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate–Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase (cGAS), a Multifaceted Platform of Intracellular DNA Sensing

Promising Adjuvants and Platforms for Influenza Vaccine Development

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