Protective effect of cashew gum nanoparticles on natural larvicide from Moringa oleifera seeds

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as carriers and as protective coatings of labile substances with applications in pharmacy, medicine, and agriculture. This work focused on the development of an entrapment process for the protection of a natural larvicide extracted from Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds with cashew gum (CG) NPs as a wall material. CG-MO NPs were characterized with regard to their size, morphology, kinetic release, thermal properties, and Stegomya aegypti larvae mortality. The result showed that the CG-MO NPs presented average particle sizes ranging from 288 to 357 nm, with unimodal distribution. MO larvicide active principle loading varied from 2.6 to 4.4%, and the entrapment efficiencies were in the range 39.1-60.8%. In vitro release kinetics showed a Fickian diffusional behavior.The thermal stability of the CG-MO NPs was related to the MO content, where their decomposition temperatures decreased with increasing MO active principle loading. Bioassays with third instar larvae showed that the mortality rate was related to larvicide loading and reached values up to 98 6 3% mortality. The CG-MO NPs showed effective extract entrapment, with satisfactory larvicide effects even after 55 days of sample preparation and were effective as an improved and controlled release larvicide system.

Copper nanoparticles stabilized with cashew gum: Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line

“…29 The size of dispersed nanoparticles measured by DLS together with domain size estimated from the AFM showed small NPs. The negative Zeta potential of pure CG is due to the presence of some carboxylic acid groups in the carboxylate form (COO-) in its structure [8], proving the anionic nature of CG. 31 .…”

“…CG has been applied as stabilizer of carbohydrates-based polymeric nanoparticles, and for controlled release of bioactive substances in the materials area. 8,13 CG, as a natural polymer, is interesting due to low toxicity, biodegradability, stability, and biocompatibility as compared to synthetic polymers. 28…”

“…Cashew gum (CG) is a natural product which is extracted in a sustainable manner and at low cost, derived from the exudate of the cashew tree ( Anacardium occidentale ), native to, and distributed widely in northeastern Brazil. 5 Chemically, CG is a non-toxic complex polysaccharide composed of mainly (72–73%) β-D-galactose, with main chains of β-D-galactose 1→3 linked with side chains of galactose and glucose, and also α-D-glucose (11–14%), α-D-arabinose (4.6–5%), α-D-rhamnose (3.2–4%), and α-D-glucuronic acid (4.7–6.3%), 6–8 which may act as a stabilizing agent of NPs by steric or electrostatic effects. 9,10…”

“…3,4 Cashew gum (CG) is a natural product which is extracted in a sustainable manner and at low cost, derived from the exudate of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), native to, and distributed widely in northeastern Brazil. 5 Chemically, CG is a non-toxic complex polysaccharide composed of mainly (72-73%) b-D-galactose, with main chains of b-D-galactose 1!3 linked with side chains of galactose and glucose, and also a-D-glucose (11-14%), a-D-arabinose (4.6-5%), a-D-rhamnose (3.2-4%), and a-D-glucuronic acid (4.7-6.3%), [6][7][8] which may act as a stabilizing agent of NPs by steric or electrostatic effects. 9,10 On the basis of the finding that the antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time 11 and that the global cancer burden is estimated to have risen to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths in 2018, 12 the objectives of this work were the preparation and physicochemical characterization of copper NPs stabilized with the natural polymer CG to investigate antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against normal and tumor cells.…”

Polysaccharide-Based Membrane Biocompatibility Study of Anacardium occidentale L. and Polyvinyl Alcohol after Subcutaneous Implant in Rats

“…Cashew gum (CG) is a polysaccharide obtained from the resin of the trunk and branches of Anacardium occidentale L., popularly known as cashew, and composed mainly of galactose and arabinose [4,5]. CG is known for its various qualities, such as antimicrobial activity [6][7][8], healing [9], anti-inflammatory [10], immunomodulatory [11], antidiarrheal [12], gastroprotective [13], anti-asthmatic, and anti-diabetic [14], and larvicide-encapsulating agent in the form of nanoparticles [15], and it also presents cytotoxicity in tumor lines [16]. Schirato et al [9] suggest that cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) improves the inflammatory stage of the wound healing process.…”