Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC (Family: Asteraceae), commonly known as 'lilac tasselflower' is an important edible medicinal plant found to be used as one of the popular ingredients of traditional vegetable salads in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India. In addition to its use as a vegetable, the plant is documented in ethnomedicine to possess several medicinal benefits in treating night blindness, epilepsy, fever and inflammatory diseases, malaria, asthma, liver diseases, eye inflammation, influenza, burns and breast abscesses. The pharmacological studies have shown that the plant possesses numerous notable biological activities such as antimicrobial, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antianxiety, anticataract and anticonvulsant activities. A few phytoconstituents have been isolated from the plant. The plant is rich with flavonoids. Presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been reported in the plant. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are considered to be hepatotoxic and therefore, the use of the plant either as a food or in ethnomedicine need to be restricted. With the availability of primary investigations, further investigations are recommended to study the toxicity of the plant in detail before rationalizing its use as a health food.