Protective effects of apocynin and allopurinol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in mice

Liu, Ping Guo; He, Song; Zhang, Yan Hong; Wu, Jian

doi:10.3748/wjg.14.2832

Cited by 68 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…GSH can be used as a marker of membrane damage based on leakage into the extracellular space [50]. Results of experimental models after hepatic IR injury disagreed, suggesting allopurinol pretreatment decreased oxidant stress [7,8,11,12,37] or did not have an effect on oxidant stress [5,44,51] as measured by intracellular GSH stores, biliary GSH, and GSSG efflux, and decreases in mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Allopurinol Protection In Liver Ir Injury As Measured By Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [8] 2009 Rabbit Liver IR total Protective effect of ALLO pretreatment was probably associated with blocking generation of ROS during IR by inhibiting XO activity.…”

Section: Allopurinol Protection In Liver Ir Injury As Measured By Hismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allopurinol has been shown to have a protective effect on hepatic congestion [40,41], fatty degeneration [40], necrosis [8,13,40], apoptosis [8,9], lesions in central lobule [9], mitochondrial swelling by inhibiting mitochondrial pore opening [7,37], and intracellular [4] and extracellular water accumulation [40] as a measurement of membrane damage. However, one experiment showed no protective benefit of allopurinol pretreatment on lipid droplets in cytoplasm, glycogen granule Toledo-Pereyra et al [23] 1979 Rat IR total Allopurinol enhanced significantly the ischemia tolerance of the liver in vitro.…”

Section: Allopurinol Protection In Liver Ir Injury As Measured By Hismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have demonstrated that allopurinol's protective mechanism [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] may be wholly or partly due to inhibition of the irreversible breakdown of purine metabolites, thereby facilitating intracellular ATP production, inhibition of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protection against mitochondrial membrane damage [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allopurinol and xanthine oxidase inhibition in liver ischemia reperfusion

Peglow

Toledo

Anaya-Prado³

et al. 2010

J Hepato Biliary Pancreat

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Introduction Allopurinol was first introduced, in 1963, as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor when it was investigated for concomitant use with cancer chemotherapy drugs. Today it is used in gout and hyperuricemia. Due to its additive benefit in preventing oxidative damage, attention has shifted towards the use of allopurinol in organ ischemia and reperfusion. Current status Currently, the mechanism by which allopurinol exerts a protective benefit in ischemia reperfusion related events is not fully understood. There are various theories: it may act by inhibiting the irreversible breakdown of purine substrates, and/or by inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species, and/or by protecting against damage to the mitochondrial membrane. Aim This work focuses on liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in an effort to better understand the mechanisms associated with allopurinol and with this pathological entity. Review of literature The current research, mainly in animal models, points to allopurinol having a protective benefit, particularly if used pre‐ischemically in liver ischemia reperfusion injury. Furthermore, after reviewing allopurinol dosing and administration, it was found that 50 mg/kg is statistically the most effective dose in attenuating liver ischemia reperfusion injury. Owing to the limited number of samples, the time of administration did not show statistical difference, but allopurinol was often beneficial when given around 1 h before ischemia. Conclusion In conclusion, allopurinol, through its known xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect, as only one of the potential mechanisms, has demonstrated its potential application in protecting the liver during ischemia and reperfusion.

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Section: Allopurinol Protection In Liver Ir Injury As Measured By Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [8] 2009 Rabbit Liver IR total Protective effect of ALLO pretreatment was probably associated with blocking generation of ROS during IR by inhibiting XO activity.…”

Section: Allopurinol Protection In Liver Ir Injury As Measured By Hismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Allopurinol Protection In Liver Ir Injury As Measured By Hismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Allopurinol and xanthine oxidase inhibition in liver ischemia reperfusion

Peglow

Toledo

Anaya-Prado³

et al. 2010

J Hepato Biliary Pancreat

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“…In the previous studies about I/R injury, 1.5-to 4-fold of basal level of MDA was obtained 9,[22][23][24] . Therefore, it is certain that the tissue MDA level can reflect exactly the severity of the oxidative stress injury.…”

Section: Results Of Histopathological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Grape seed protects cholestatic rats liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury

et al. 2016

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PURPOSE:To determine the effect of grape-seed extract against ischemia/reperfusion injury in cholestatic liver. METHODS:Eighteen Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. In control and study groups, cholestasis was provided by bile duct ligation. Seven days later, the rats were subjected to 30 min hepatic ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg/day grape-seed extract was started 15 days before bile duct ligation and continued to the second operation in the study group. Serum, plasma and liver samples were taken. Laboratory analysis, tissue gluthation, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase levels and histopathological examination were performed.RESULTS: Significant decrease in liver gluthation level and significant increase in malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity were observed after ischemia/reperfusion in cholestatic rats. Serum and plasma levels for laboratory analysis were also significantly higher in cholestatic I/R group. Hepatic necrosis and fibrosis were detected in histopathological examination. Oral grape-seed extract administiration reversed all these parameters and histopathological findings except serum bilirubin levels. CONCLUSION:Oral grape-seed extract treatment can improve liver functions and attenuate the inflammation and oxidative stress in cholestatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

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