Protective Effects of Aqueous Garlic Extract in Reducing Water Avoidance Stress-Induced Degeneration of the Stomach, Ileum, and Liver: Morphological and Biochemical Study

Abstract

We investigated the effect of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) on water avoidance stress (WAS)-induced degeneration of the gastric and ileal mucosa and liver parenchyma. Wistar albino rats were exposed to WAS (WAS group) for 5 days. After exposure of the animals to WAS, a 1 ml/kg aqueous garlic extract (AGE) was injected i.p. (WAS+AGE group). The stomach, ileum, and liver samples were investigated under light microscope for general morphology. Topography of gastric and ileal mucosa was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and hepatocyte ultastructure by transmission electron micsroscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of all tissues were also determined. In the WAS group, the epithelium of the stomach showed ulceration in some areas, dilatations of the gastric glands, and degeneration of gastric glandular cells. Severe vascular congestion and degeneration of ileal epithelium were observed. Prominent vascular congestion and dilated sinusoids, activated Kupffer cells with prominent morphology, dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and focal picnotic nuclei were observed in liver parenchyma. AGE treatment reduced the degeneration of the gastric and ileal mucosa and liver parenchyma. Increased MDA levels and decreased GSH levels in the WAS group were reversed to control values after AGE treatment. Based on these results, AGE treatment significantly prevented WAS-induced degeneration in both morphology and biochemistry of gastrointestinal mucosa and liver parenchyma due to its potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties.

The Protective Effect of Aged Garlic Extract on Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug‐Induced Gastric Inflammations in Male Albino Rats

“…Aged garlic extract and SAC in both vivo and cell culture-based previous studies recorded to preserve the levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, where glutathione reductase involved in conversion of oxidized glutathione to glutathione [52, 53]. Aged garlic extract treatment significantly prevented induced stress degeneration in morphology and reversed the increased level of MDA and the decreased GSH contents to control values of gastrointestinal mucosa due to its potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties [54]. The antioxidant properties of AGE ameliorated oxidative organ injury due to naphthalene toxicity by reversing significantly the elevated MDA levels and MPO activity levels [55].…”

<i>In vivo effect</i> of <i>Berberis lyceum</i> and <i>Silybum marianum</i> on production performance and immune status of broiler chickens

“…In our experiment, we could not find significant difference in FCR between control and experimental groups. According to Zeybek et al (2007) medicinal plants protect the gastrointestinal tract from harmful bacteria which enhance the digestive enzymatic activities and that lead to high metabolic rate (FCR) and feed converted to meat. Lewis et al (2003) worked on a mixture of medicinal plants and found better FCR in broiler chicks throughout the experiment.…”

Garlic Extract Ameliorates Renal and Cardiopulmonary Injury in the Rats with Chronic Renal Failure

“…57 Supporting this speculation, we have previously shown that AGE administration reversed oxidant responses and improved tissue morphology and function in the stomach, ileum, liver, kidney, and bladder, while the reduced GSH levels were restored in all these tissues. 22,58,59 Similarly, renal GSH, SOD, and CAT levels that were decreased in cadmium-intoxicated rats were restored when rats were treated with garlic extract. 60 In many inflammatory disorders, important components of the pathological processes are linked to the ability of neutrophils to release several agents that can destroy normal cells and dissolve connective tissue.…”