Protective effects of glutamine against soy saponins-induced enteritis, tight junction disruption, oxidative damage and autophagy in the intestine of Scophthalmus maximus L

Gu, Min; Pan, Selina; Li, Qing; Qi, Zezheng; Deng, Wanzhen; Bai, Nan

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.013

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The addition of 1–2 mg g −1 saponins in the daily dry diet had no effect on the growth of fish ( 57 – 60 ). However, the addition of 10 mg g −1 saponins could reduce the growth and metabolic disorders of fish ( 52 ), and had the risk of inducing fish enteritis ( 61 ). In addition, saponin-containing diets negatively affect the taste acceptability and palatability of feed ( 62 , 63 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Chlorella pyrenoidosa be exploited as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed? A study on the nutritional values and anti-nutritional factors

Chen

Qian

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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This work attempted to identify if microalgal biomass can be utilized as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed by analyzing its nutritional value and the anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). The results showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa contained high-value nutrients, including essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The protein content in C. pyrenoidosa reached 52.4%, suggesting that microalgal biomass can be a good protein source for aquatic animals. We also discovered that C. pyrenoidosa contained some ANFs, including saponin, phytic acid, and tannins, which may negatively impact fish productivity. The high-molecular-weight proteins in microalgae may not be effectively digested by aquatic animals. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, proper measures should be taken to pretreat microalgal biomass to improve the nutritional value of a microalgae-based fish diet.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Chlorella pyrenoidosa be exploited as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed? A study on the nutritional values and anti-nutritional factors

Chen

Qian

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…Metabolites in this pathway (e.g., ornithine, glutamine, arginine) are involved in oxidative stress, immune response, and inflammatory response inhibition ( Barrientos-Moreno et al, 2019 ; Grzywa et al, 2020 ). Various studies on fish have reported that high arginine and glutamine intake can reduce the expression levels of interleukin 18 ( il18 ), il1b , jun , tnfa , and other cytokines ( Gu et al, 2021 ; Zheng et al, 2019 ). In the present study, compared with the NZBD9-infected spleens, arginine and glutamine were highly expressed in the spleens of orange-spotted groupers infected with the flgK -RNAi strain, while the expression levels of il1β , jun , and tnfα were down-regulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the role of the flgK gene in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida to orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Yuan¹,

Zhao²,

Zhuang³

et al. 2022

Zoological Research

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Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is the pathogen responsible for visceral white spot disease in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) and orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ). Previously, RNA sequencing showed that P. plecoglossicida flgK gene expression was significantly up-regulated in orange-spotted grouper spleens during infection. To explore the role of flgK in P. plecoglossicida pathogenicity, RNA interference (RNAi) was performed to silence the P. plecoglossicida flgK gene, and the mutant ( flgK -RNAi strain) with the best silencing efficiency (89.40%) was chosen for further study. Results showed that flgK gene silencing significantly attenuated P. plecoglossicida motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Compared to those fish infected with the wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida , orange-spotted grouper infected with the flgK -RNAi strain showed a 55% increase in the survival rate and a one-day delay in time of first death, with fewer pathogens in the spleen and fewer white spots on the spleen surface. RNAi of flgK significantly affected the transcriptome and metabolome of the spleen in infected orange-spotted grouper. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway was the most significantly changed immune-related pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was related to multiple immune-related pathways. Furthermore, arginine biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most significantly changed metabolism-related pathways. These findings suggest that flgK is a virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida . Furthermore, flgK appears to be involved in the regulation of motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation in P. plecoglossicida , as well as in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses of orange-spotted grouper to P. plecoglossicida infection.

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“…Gln has been shown to promote protein synthesis and intestinal development in fish ( 47 ). Dietary Gln supplementation showed significantly higher expression levels of claudin 3 , claudin 4 , occludin , and ZO-1 in the intestines of turbot ( 48 ). It has been shown that the MLCK signaling pathway was one of the important pathways regulating intestinal epithelial tight junctions, and the activation and nuclear transfer of NF-κB was an important mechanism of MLCK transcription and synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Protein Diets Supplemented With Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhance the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Health in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Fan

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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To investigate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation in a low protein (LP) diet on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 600 carp were randomly divided into five dietary groups: a normal protein (NP) diet containing 32% crude protein, an LP diet formulated with 28% crude protein, and LP with AKG at 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% (dry matter). After an 8-week trial period, the results demonstrated that an LP diet led to a decrease in performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function. Compared with the LP group, the final body weight and weight gain rate in the LP+0.4% AKG group were significantly higher, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased with the addition of 0.4% and 0.8% AKG. The supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% AKG markedly increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px, as well as the expression levels of GPX1a and GPX1b relative to the LP group, whereas the MDA content was significantly decreased in the LP+0.4% AKG group. In addition, the expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-3, claudin-7, ZO-1, and MLCK were significantly up-regulated in the LP+0.4% AKG group, and the relative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6α were significantly lower with the addition of 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% AKG. Moreover, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the LP+0.4% AKG group was lower than that in the LP group, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria was higher at the phylum level. The abundance of Citrobacter in the LP+0.4% AKG group was decreased compared to the LP group, while the abundance of Aeromonas was increased at the genus level. In short, the effects of AKG on the intestinal health of the common carp were systematically and comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of intestinal physical barrier, chemical barrier, biological barrier, and immune barrier. We found that an LP diet supplemented with 0.4% AKG was beneficial to the growth performance and intestinal health of common carp.

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Protective effects of glutamine against soy saponins-induced enteritis, tight junction disruption, oxidative damage and autophagy in the intestine of Scophthalmus maximus L

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Could Chlorella pyrenoidosa be exploited as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed? A study on the nutritional values and anti-nutritional factors

Could Chlorella pyrenoidosa be exploited as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed? A study on the nutritional values and anti-nutritional factors

Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the role of the <i>flgK</i> gene in the pathogenicity of <i>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</i> to orange-spotted grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>)

Low Protein Diets Supplemented With Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhance the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Health in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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