Protective effects of meat from lambs on selenium nanoparticle supplemented diet in a mouse model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced immunotoxicity

A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters

“…In nature, the PAHs are chemically inert compounds, and they only cause toxicity after being metabolized into electrophilic derivatives such as conjugated hydroxyl-alkyl derivatives, quinones and diol-epoxides. These electrophilic species can cause frame-shift mutation, chromosomal aberrations and strand breaks by covalently interacting with the nucleophilic DNA centers (Baird et al 2005;EC and European Commission 2001;Ungvari et al 2014). PAHs are ligands for aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptors; this attribute of PAHs is a critical factor of their genotoxicity (Hankinson 1995;Jung et al 2013).…”

“…PAHs have at least two or more fused benzene rings in their structure with high toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenic characteristics (Das et al 2014;Ungvari et al 2014;IARC 2010a, b;Cao et al 2010). There are many hundreds of PAHs compounds detected in the air (WHO 2000a, b, c), but exposure to PAHs is mostly performed for the commonly occurring PAHs (ATSDR 1995), as described in Table 2.…”

Selenium – a fascinating antioxidant of protective properties

“…Some researchers applied very interesting, new natural forms like polysaccharides isolated from selenium-enriched Ziyang tea, or meat from lambs receiving Se-nanoparticles in drinking water. 7,10 Synthetic organoselenium compounds also revealed their advantage over inorganic forms. Diphenyl diselenide was proved effective against the toxicity of mercury in rodents, while selenite showed no efficacy.…”

“…11 According to the US National Academy of Sciences, for adults, 55 µg is the recommended daily selenium intake, whereas 400 µg is the threshold which should not be exceeded. 7 The toxic dose for adults was established as more than 700 µg/day. 12 The symptoms of selenium toxicity include fatigue, disturbances in connective tissue as well as in cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, and respiratory systems.…”

“…However, the narrow range between therapeutic and toxic doses of selenium, as well as the dependence of its effect on the applied form, dose and method of treatment, make the choice of the most effective supplement a very complex issue. 5,[7][8][9][10] The average lethal dose established in animal models for sodium selenite (7 mg Se/kg b.w.) is almost 20 times smaller than that obtained for selenium sulfides, and more than 900 times smaller than for elemental selenium.…”