Protective mechanisms of 6-gingerol in dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in mice

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the colon, with an increasing incidence worldwide. 6-Gingerol (6G) is a bioactive constituent of Zingiber officinale, which has been reported to possess various biological activities. This study was designed to evaluate the role of 6G in chronic UC. Chronic UC was induced in mice by three cycles of 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. Each cycle consisted of 7 days of 2.5% DSS followed by 14 days of normal drinking water. 6G (100 mg/kg) and a reference anti-colitis drug sulfasalazine (SZ) (100 mg/kg) were orally administered daily to the mice throughout exposure to three cycles of 2.5% DSS. Administration of 6G and SZ significantly prevented disease activity index and aberrant crypt foci formation in DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, 6G and SZ suppresses immunoexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the DSS-treated mice. 6G effectively protected against colonic oxidative damage by augmenting the antioxidant status with marked decrease in lipid peroxidation levels in DSS-treated mice. Moreover, 6G significantly inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (P65), p38, cyclooxygenase-2, and β-catenin whereas it enhanced IL-10 and adenomatous polyposis coli expression in DSS-treated mice. In conclusion, 6G prevented DSS-induced chronic UC via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms and preservation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Promising effects of gingerol against toxins: A review article

“…231 However, the evaluation of 6-gingerol on DSS-induced chronic ulcerative colitis revealed that oral administration of 6-gingerol (100 mg/kg) inhibited the disease activity index (combined scores of stool consistency, rectal bleeding body weight loss, and stool consistency) and formation of aberrant crypt foci in rats. 232 It is necessary to mention that aberrant crypt foci are tube-similar glands forming abnormal conditions in the rectum and colon. It is the earliest symptom of cancer beginning, which is created before colorectal polyps.…”

6‐Gingerol, an active pungent component of ginger, inhibits L‐type Ca2+ current, contractility, and Ca2+ transients in isolated rat ventricular myocytes

“…It has diverse and interesting pharmacological effects including antipyretic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐angiogenic, anti‐cancer, cardio‐tonic, and anti‐aging effects. It inhibits spontaneous motor activity and prostaglandin biosynthesis (Ajayi, Adedara, & Farombi, ; Dugasani et al, ; Kim et al, ; Kiuchi, Iwakami, Shibuya, Hanaoka, & Sankawa, ; Lee et al, ; Lee, Seo, Kang, & Kim, ; Lv et al, ; Suekawa et al, ; Tahir et al, ).…”

Promoting effects of 6-Gingerol on probiotic adhesion to colonic epithelial cells

“…It has also been reported that the duration of 6-Gingerol compounds available in the colon was up to 12 h, which may favor their antioxidant potential and healthy effects (Majdoub et al, 2019). Moreover, 6-gingerol could prevent DSS-induced chronic UC via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms and preservation of the Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway (Ajayi et al, 2018). 6-gingerol also improved ulceration and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract caused by aspirin (Zhu et al, 2017).…”