Protective role of Chlorella vulgaris with Thiamine against Paracetamol induced toxic effects on haematological, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes in Wistar rats

Abstract

Paracetamol is extensively consumed as an analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at a high dose level, it leads to deleterious side effects, such as hepatic and nephrotoxicity. This research aimed to estimate the prophylactic efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris and/or thiamine against paracetamol (P) induced hepatorenal and cardiac toxicity. Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight equal groups (n = 6 rats). Group 1, normal control group. Group 2, Paracetamol group. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with Silymarin drug, Chlorella vulgaris alga, Chlorella vulgaris alga supplemented with thiamine, respectively daily for 7 successive days, then all were administered Paracetamol (2gm/kg. bwt.). While, Groups 6, 7 and 8 were treated by Silymarin, Chlorella vulgaris alga, Chlorella vulgaris supplemented with thiamine, respectively daily for 7 successive days without paracetamol administration. Our results clarified that Paracetamol toxicity caused significant adverse effects on hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and oxidant -antioxidant status as well as histopathological picture of heart, liver, and kidney. However, in the Paracetamol intoxicated groups pretreatment either with Chlorella vulgaris alone or plus thiamine successfully improved the undesirable deleterious effects of paracetamol, and restored almost all variables to near their control levels. This study has finished to that oxidative stress participates in the pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced toxicity in rats and using Chlorella vulgaris alga either alone or plus thiamine alongside their health benefits can protect against oxidative harmful effects induced by paracetamol through their free radical scavenging and powerful antioxidant effects, and they can be used as propylactic agents against paracetamol-induced toxicity.

Preventive Effects of Mandarin Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatonephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…An increase in hepatic and renal LPO and a reduction in GSH content, as well as GPx, GST, and SOD activities, were both significantly induced by NAPAP administration in the current investigation, which encouraged disturbance of the oxidant/antioxidant state. These results are consistent with those from other publications [14,16,23,103]. The 14 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity hazardous metabolite NAPQI, a byproduct of NAPAP that has a strong affinity for GSH and depletes it, may accumulate as a result of the enhanced oxidative stress, at least in part [104].…”

The Possible Impact of Spirulina and Chlorella on some Hematological and Biochemical Aspects in Irradiated Rats

“…It also decreased blood pressure, a known accelerant of kidney disease propagation [37]. In addition, C. vulgaris was shown to protect against paracetamol-induced renal toxicity and to prevent the disruption of kidney function through their free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects, and thus can be used as a prophylactic agent against paracetamol toxicity [38].…”

Assessment of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Microgreen Alga Chlorella vulgaris and Its Blend with Different Vitamins

“…The free amino acid contents of Scenedesmus obliquus were significantly increased when supplemented with 200 ppm pyridoxine and riboflavin [49]. C. vulgaris supplemented with Thiamine is a potential source of natural antioxidants [50]. Chlorella vulgaris has antioxidant activities and anti-cholesterol [51].…”