Protein-leucine ingestion activates a regenerative inflammo-myogenic transcriptome in skeletal muscle following intense endurance exercise

Rowlands, David S.; Nelson, André R; Raymond, Frédéric; Métairon, Sylviane; Mansourian, Robert; Clarke, Jim; Stellingwerff, Trent; Phillips, Stuart M.

doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00068.2015

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Endurance exercise induces inflammatory-myogenic processes during skeletal muscle recovery [56]. Thus, effect of physical exercise is exerted also by the production of many inflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Satellite Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle stem cell and physical activity: what point is the debate at?

et al. 2017

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AbstractIn the last 15 years, it emerged that the practice of regular physical activity reduces the risks of many diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.) and it is fundamental in weight control and energy consuming to contrast obesity. Different groups proposed many molecular mechanisms as responsible for the positive effects of physical activity in healthy life. However, many points remain to be clarified. In this mini-review we reported the latest observations on the effects of physical exercise on healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle focusing on muscle stem cells. The last ones represent the fundamental elements for muscle regeneration post injury, but also for healthy muscle homeostasis.Interestingly, in both muscle tissues the morphological consequence of physical activity is a physiological hypertrophy that depends on different phenomena both in differentiated cells and stem cells. The signaling pathways for physical exercise effects present common elements in skeletal and cardiac muscle, like activation of specific transcription factors, proliferative pathways, and cytokines. More recently, post translational (miRNAs) or epigenetic (DNA methylation) modifications have been demonstrated. However, several points remain unresolved thus requiring new research on the effect of exercise on muscle stem cells.

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Section: Satellite Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle stem cell and physical activity: what point is the debate at?

et al. 2017

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“…When coupled with the MyHC I (14%) and II fiber growth (16%) previously reported in these subjects (D'Lugos et al, 2016), we are led to believe that skeletal muscle better tolerated the heavy training with PRO compared to CHO. A recent report supports this belief, demonstrating that CHO+PRO supplementation proximal to acute, heavy endurance exercise to not only attenuate the acute (4 h) inflammatory transcriptional response in skeletal muscle, but also shift the transcriptome toward a muscle growth and regenerative response compared to CHO supplementation (Rowlands et al, 2016). Still, relatively little is understood of how PRO supplementation impacts the SC response to aerobic training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation

et al. 2016

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The central purpose of this study was to evaluate the fiber type-specific satellite cell and myonuclear responses of endurance-trained cyclists to a block of intensified training, when supplementing with carbohydrate (CHO) vs. carbohydrate-protein (PRO). In a crossover design, endurance-trained cyclists (n = 8) performed two consecutive training periods, once supplementing with CHO (de facto “control” condition) and the other with PRO. Each training period consisted of 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT–120% increase in average training duration) followed by 10 days of recovery (RVT–reduced volume training; 33% volume reduction vs. normal training). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after ICT and again following RVT. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to quantify SCs (Pax7+), myonuclei (DAPI+), and myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I). Data are expressed as percent change ± 90% confidence limits. The 10-day block of ICTCHO increased MyHC I SC content (35 ± 28%) and myonuclear density (16 ± 6%), which remained elevated following RVTCHO (SC = 69 ± 50% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 17 ± 15% vs. PRE). MyHC II SC and myonuclei were not different following ICTCHO, but were higher following RVTCHO (SC = +33 ± 31% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 15 ± 14% vs. PRE), indicating a delayed response compared to MyHC I fibers. The MyHC I SC pool increased following ICTPRO (37 ± 37%), but without a concomitant increase in myonuclei. There were no changes in MyHC II SC or myonuclei following ICTPRO. Collectively, these trained endurance cyclists possessed a relatively large pool of SCs that facilitated rapid (MyHC I) and delayed (MyHC II) satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear accretion under carbohydrate conditions. The current findings strengthen the growing body of evidence demonstrating alterations in satellite cell number in the absence of hypertrophy. Satellite cell pool expansion is typically viewed as an advantageous response to exercise. However, when coupled with our previous report that PRO possibly enhanced whole muscle recovery and increased MyHC I and II fiber size, the limited satellite cell/myonuclear response observed with carbohydrate-protein seem to indicate that protein supplementation may have minimized the necessity for satellite cell involvement, thereby suggesting that protein may benefit skeletal muscle during periods of heavy training.

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“…sions of prevalent literature in this area, recent studies have uncovered novel insights into endurance exercise-regulated muscle transcriptomic network remodeling during recovery (Neubauer et al 2014), protein supplementation (Rowlands et al 2011(Rowlands et al , 2016, and impairments in endurance-trained subjects lacking metabolic responsiveness (i.e., training improvements in insulin sensitivity) (Bohm et al 2016). The human muscle resistance exercise training -responsive transcriptional networks in the settings of aging (Raue et al 2012), aging-associated muscle frailty , stress-induced immune activation (Gordon et al 2012), and combined aerobic training modes (Lundberg et al 2016) are also continuing to be unraveled using transcriptomics.…”

Section: Omics and Exercise Research Tracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics and Exercise: Global Approaches for Mapping Exercise Biological Networks

Hoffman

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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The application of global "-omics" technologies to exercise has introduced new opportunities to map the complexity and interconnectedness of biological networks underlying the tissue-specific responses and systemic health benefits of exercise. This review will introduce major research tracks and recent advancements in this emerging field, as well as critical gaps in understanding the orchestration of molecular exercise dynamics that will benefit from unbiased omics investigations. Furthermore, significant research hurdles that need to be overcome to effectively fill these gaps related to data collection, computation, interpretation, and integration across omics applications will be discussed. Collectively, a cross-disciplinary physiological and omics-based systems approach will lead to discovery of a wealth of novel exercise-regulated targets for future mechanistic validation. This frontier in exercise biology will aid the development of personalized therapeutic strategies to improve athletic performance and human health through precision exercise medicine.T he dynamic human physiological responses to exercise have been widely studied in the context of metabolism and mechanical stress. Health benefits of exercise in prevention, delay, and/or treatment of pathophysiology associated with metabolic disorders and aging are widely appreciated. However, the intricacies of molecular networks and biological mechanisms underlying how humans adapt to exercise and acquire health benefits are not fully understood. In response to perturbations in whole-body homeostasis induced by physical activity and exercise, biological networks are stimulated in various cell types and organs to manage systemic metabolic and mechanical demands (Hawley et al. 2014). Targeted, reductionist-based approaches have laid the foundation for our understanding of distinct biological mechanisms regulating acute versus repeated exercise adaptations using a range of experimental models from cells to animals and humans. However, the complexity and integrated nature of the whole-body exercise response warrants global unbiased systems approaches to unravel the interwoven networks underlying the benefits of exercise in health and disease.In this early stage of the exercise and omics revolution, there is a wealth of molecular information now within reach to help build on our understanding of human metabolism and exercise physiology. There is tremendous potential for omics approaches to fill critical gaps in our

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Protein-leucine ingestion activates a regenerative inflammo-myogenic transcriptome in skeletal muscle following intense endurance exercise

Abstract: Rowlands DS, Nelson AR, Raymond F, Metairon S, Mansourian R, Clarke J, Stellingwerff T, Phillips SM. Protein-leucine ingestion activates a regenerative inflammo-myogenic transcriptome in skeletal muscle following intense endurance exercise.

Cited by 40 publications

References 80 publications

Muscle stem cell and physical activity: what point is the debate at?

Muscle stem cell and physical activity: what point is the debate at?

Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation

Omics and Exercise: Global Approaches for Mapping Exercise Biological Networks

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