Protein Oxidation in Human Stratum Corneum: Susceptibility of Keratins to Oxidation In Vitro and Presence of a Keratin Oxidation Gradient In Vivo

Thiele, Jens J.; Hsieh, Sherry N.; Briviba, Karlis; Sies, Helmut

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00693.x

Cited by 137 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Thus, when ROS are not scavenged in a biological system, they can cause cellular damage and other biochemical alterations such as inflammation, lipid and protein oxidation, DNA damage, and the activation or inactivation of certain enzymes. 4,6) Therefore, prevention of UVBinduced depletion of antioxidant defenses would provide a useful approach to protect UVB-induced photo-damage. UVB-induced protein oxidation has been regarded as one of the detrimental factors in skin disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate Alleviates UV-Induced Oxidative Skin Damage in Hairless Mice

Ahn

Hwang

Lee

2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate Alleviates UV-Induced Oxidative Skin Damage in Hairless Mice

Ahn

Hwang

Lee

2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the skin, which consists of dead corneocytes and intercellular lipids, and is exposed to oxidative stress. Recent studies have described that keratins, the major proteins in the SC, are also a target for carbonylation, and that carbonyls are increased in the upper layer of the SC of sun-exposed areas [9,10] . Although the SC consists of dead corneocytes that are differentiated from epidermal keratinocytes, it plays a pivotal biological role in the permeability barrier function of the skin and in the waterholding capacity that makes the skin smooth and flexible.…”

Section: Iwai/hiraomentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Carbonyls Damage the Water-Holding Capacity of the Stratum Corneum

Iwai

Hirao²

2008

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: Acrolein is a degradation product of lipid peroxide as well as a well-known environmental pollutant. As a hallmark of oxidatively damaged protein, protein carbonyl, including acrolein-protein adduct, has been observed in the skin. However, the influence of protein carbonylation on the stratum corneum (SC) has not yet been clarified. Objectives: We explored the influence of oxidative protein modification, focusing on the major function of the SC, the water-holding capacity, by introducing experimental protein carbonylation. Methods: The level of carbonyls in the SC was evaluated by reaction with a labeled hydrazide. The water-holding capacities of the SC or keratin gels were evaluated by measurement of the surface conductance. The bound water (nonfreezing water) content in the SC was measured by the heat of fusion of frozen SC. Results: Acrolein caused protein carbonylation, decreased the water-holding capacity and the bound water of the porcine SC in vitro. The water-holding capacity of the keratin gels prepared from human SC was also decreased by acrolein in vitro. Water content in the human SC in vivo was decreased by sodium hypochlorite and accompanied by the increase in carbonyls. Conclusion: Exposure of SC to the oxidative environment damages the water-holding capacity of the SC through the modification of protein-water interaction.

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“…Such exposure results in the formation of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species and other oxygenderived free radicals, which subsequently react with skin biomolecules such as lipids [2][3][4], proteins [5,6] and nucleic acids [7,8]. Hence, UVR as well as ozone (O 3 ) were proposed to lead to skin barrier perturbation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone on the Transepidermal Water Loss as a Function of Skin Temperature in Hairless Mice

Thiele

Dreher²,

Maibach³

et al. 2003

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Exposure to ultraviolet radiation or ozone leads to skin damage including oxidation of skin biomolecules, as well as to depletion of constitutive antioxidants. The highly organized stratum corneum forming the main barrier against most xenobiotics is particularly susceptible to such damage and possible barrier perturbation may be the consequence. Whereas ample evidence exists for an increased permeability for different solutes including water after exposure to ultraviolet radiation, such an effect has not yet been reported for ozone. This study reports on the effect of such oxidative stressors using the hairless mouse as the skin model and measuring temperature-controlled transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as an indicator for skin barrier integrity. First, a strong dependency of the TEWL on skin temperature was observed, an effect that was clearly more pronounced than that found in man. Given this temperature dependency in untreated animals, we proceeded to determine the effects of both ultraviolet radiation and ozone on TEWL over a relevant physiological skin temperature range. Solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation (0.75–3 minimal erythemal dose) resulted in a delayed and dose-dependent skin barrier disruption over the entire temperature range investigated. Conversely, daily ozone exposure at 2 ppm for 1 week, however, did not significantly alter TEWL up to 72 h after the last exposure. The results demonstrate a differential response of the epidermis to two environmental stressors associated with oxidative damage; they suggest that chronic ozone exposure at relevant environmental levels does not lead to a detectable skin barrier defect, while solar UV exposure was demonstrated to increase epidermal water loss. Furthermore, experimental evidence clearly suggests that future studies applying TEWL measurements in animal models should be performed under carefully controlled skin temperature conditions.

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Protein Oxidation in Human Stratum Corneum: Susceptibility of Keratins to Oxidation In Vitro and Presence of a Keratin Oxidation Gradient In Vivo

Cited by 137 publications

References 36 publications

Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate Alleviates UV-Induced Oxidative Skin Damage in Hairless Mice

Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate Alleviates UV-Induced Oxidative Skin Damage in Hairless Mice

Protein Carbonyls Damage the Water-Holding Capacity of the Stratum Corneum

Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone on the Transepidermal Water Loss as a Function of Skin Temperature in Hairless Mice

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