Protein Profiles for Muscle Development and Intramuscular Fat Accumulation at Different Post-Hatching Ages in Chickens

Abstract

Muscle development and growth influences the efficiency of poultry meat production, and is closely related to deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF), which is crucial in meat quality. To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle development and IMF deposition in chickens, protein expression profiles were examined in the breast muscle of Beijing-You chickens at ages 1, 56, 98 and 140 days, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Two hundred and four of 494 proteins were expressed differentially. The expression profile at day 1 differed greatly from those at day 56, 98 and 140. KEGG pathway analysis of differential protein expression from pair-wise comparisons (day 1 vs. 56; 56 vs. 98; 98 vs. 140), showed that the fatty acid degradation pathway was more active during the stage from day 1 to 56 than at other periods. This was consistent with the change in IMF content, which was highest at day 1 and declined dramatically thereafter. When muscle growth was most rapid (days 56–98), pathways involved in muscle development were dominant, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac muscle contraction, tight junctions and focal adhesion. In contrast with hatchlings, the fatty acid degradation pathway was downregulated from day 98 to 140, which was consistent with the period for IMF deposition following rapid muscle growth. Changes in some key specific proteins, including fast skeletal muscle troponin T isoform, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and apolipoprotein A1, were verified by Western blotting, and could be potential biomarkers for IMF deposition in chickens. Protein–protein interaction networks showed that ribosome-related functional modules were clustered in all three stages. However, the functional module involved in the metabolic pathway was only clustered in the first stage (day 1 vs. 56). This study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle development and IMF deposition in chickens.

Proteomic analyses of sheep (ovis aries) embryonic skeletal muscle

“…5) and other reports, all results showed that the metabolic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were significantly associated with the development of muscle [40][41][42] . In a word, the metabolism provided not only energy in whole embryonic skeletal muscle development but also fine modulation of embryonic muscle development styles [43][44][45] . As to the protein profile constructed in this study, it will be certainly an important basis for deep elucidation of the mechanisms of sheep embryonic skeletal muscle development and growth.…”

Dynamic Transcriptomic Analysis of Breast Muscle Development From the Embryonic to Post-hatching Periods in Chickens

“…A number of studies have demonstrated that muscle mass increased by hypertrophy (increased cellular protein content) after hatching and was controlled by synthesis of muscle proteins or their degradation (Braun and Gautel, 2011). Protein and energy metabolism are tightly coupled, and the energy from glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis is needed for protein turnover during skeletal muscle development (Duan et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016). Therefore, these results show that genes involved in metabolism may be critical for postnatal myofiber growth, muscle hypertrophy, and muscle regeneration, and the protein synthesis and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle regulated by insulin signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway may be important for coordinating muscle development.…”

“…The functional annotation showed that processes and pathways involved in lipid metabolism were significantly enriched, such as fatty acid b-oxidation, lipid homeostasis, fatty acid degradation, and propanoate metabolism ( Figures 3C and 4C). Previous studies have demonstrated that lipids stored in the adipocytes during embryonic life are transferred to the muscle fibers and used for growth and energy requirements at the early stage, while muscle again stores lipids in later life (Chartrin et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2016). Interestingly, ACADL, ACAT1, HADHA, ACADS, ECHS1, and AUH, which are significantly enriched in fatty acid beta-oxidation, were active during embryonic life in the present study (Table S6), which further demonstrated that the lipids were the important energy source for muscle development and growth at the early stage.…”

“…Li et al (2019) explored the messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) profiles of Gushi chicken muscle tissues in the late postnatal stage (6,14,22, and 30 weeks). Our previous study examined the protein expression profiles in the breast muscle of Beijing-You chickens at ages 1, 56, 98, and 140 days using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (Liu et al, 2016). Li et al (2017) and Ouyang et al (2017) explored the transcriptome and protein expression profiles in leg muscle tissues of Xinghua chicken at embryonic days (E) 11 and E16 and post-hatching day (D) 1, respectively.…”

Proteomic Analysis of Beef Tenderloin and Flank Assessed Using an Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)

“…The iTRAQ method has been widely applied to investigate the proteomes of cattle [9], chicken [10], and pig [11]. Previous proteomics studies using iTRAQ have focused on muscle development [11], embryo development [12], meat tenderness [10], and lipid deposition [13] in livestock and poultry. However, differences in protein and amino acid abundance in different types of bovine muscle remain poorly understood.…”