Proteomic approaches to oxidative protein modifications implicated in the mechanism of aging

Abstract

Accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins is widely observed in aged animal tissues. Protein carbonyls are mostly derived from lysine, arginine, proline and threonine residues under oxidative conditions. Many groups have investigated carbonylated proteins since a convenient immunochemical procedure was established for detecting dinitrophenyl derivatives of carbonyls and applied to proteomic research. An alternative method of tagging with biotin or fluorescent dyes has been also introduced to proteomic analysis of protein carbonyls. Nitrotyrosine was primarily identified as a biomarker of cellular damage and inflammation under nitrosative stress. Nitrated proteins have been subsequently detected in aged animal tissues and Alzheimer's disease affected brains by Western blotting, and identified by mass spectrometry. Protein s‐thiolation, a mixed‐derivatization of cysteine (Cys) by conjugation of low‐molecular‐weight thiol compounds, is recognized as protecting functional proteins from more serious damage. A method of biotin labeling has been used in proteomics for tracing protein s‐thiolation. Among all kinds of amino acid residues, methionine (Met) is the most susceptible to reactive oxygen species, and Met oxidation seems to occur in ordinary cellular circumstances because most cells contain Met sulfoxide reductases, which might prevent serious cellular damage. In proteomic analysis, Met sulfoxide‐containing peptides are generally observed as 16‐Da‐high mass peaks in peptide mass fingerprinting. A modified procedure of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which proteins are kept under non‐oxidative conditions throughout the procedure, is appropriate for the estimation of the Met sulfoxide level of each protein in aged animal tissues and cells to evaluate the pathophysiological significance of Met oxidation in the mechanism of aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2010; 10 (Suppl. 1): S25–S31.

Relação entre a formação de radicais livres e a doença de alzheimer: revisão sistemática

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Health Recommendations for the Elderly in the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine

“…Free radicals have been hypothesized to contribute to the aging process. DNA-damages induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered as a probable mechanism of aging (40). There is a controversy about the effect of dietary restriction, calorie restriction, and more recently methionine restriction (MR) on extending lifespan in rats; however, recent studies suggest promising results, while the aforementioned regimen is accompanied with limiting other amino acid intakes.…”

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Blood

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