Proteomics and Protein Analyses of Ovine and Caprine Body Fluids: Current Studies and Future Promises

Mavromati, Jani; Cash, Phillip; Restelli, Liliana; Soler, Laura

doi:10.2174/1389203715666140221113544

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Milk proteins belongs to three main groups namely: caseins, whey proteins, and the mucins that are the proteins included in the MFGM. Caseins and whey proteins constitute the largest group, while MFGM contains ≈1–4% of milk proteins that are present in the central and external layers as loosely attached and transmembrane proteins . Over the last 15 years, the mapping of milk proteomes has generated more than 100 publications with the aim of identifying proteins usable for monitoring metabolic status, performance, health, and disease in ruminants as well as to discover beneficial food bioactive proteins .…”

Section: Composition Of the Milk Lipid Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

Bernard

Bonnet

Delavaud

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Recent knowledge is presented on the composition of ruminant milk fat fractions and the nutritional strategies known to alter their amount. The development of lipidomic and proteomic analyses has allowed for the characterization of minor components, such as proteins, liposoluble vitamins, and phospholipids of the milk fat globule (MFG), in addition to the triacylglycerols (TAG), which are the major constituents of the MFG core. Few differences in these components among ruminant species exist, and they have been outlined mainly on the fatty acids (FA) profile of the TAG, whereas comparative data are still lacking on vitamins and proteins. The effects of dietary treatments enriched in n‐3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) on the composition of the milk fat fraction are explored. In particular, pasture and plant oilseeds increase milk n‐3 PUFA and cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA and decrease saturated FA, whereas data with new feed resources, such as algae, are still rare. The peculiarities of the response of the milk fat to diets that induce a milk fat depression in cows but in lesser extent in small ruminants are described. The potential effects of polar lipids, proteins, and liposoluble vitamins of the MFG on human health are reviewed, highlighting the nutraceutical properties of milk. Practical Applications: This review provides an overview of the different components of the milk fat fraction in ruminant species and on nutritional strategies to alter their amounts to improve the nutritional quality of milk. Furthermore, this review presents recent data on species peculiarities of the milk fat fraction composition and of its response to nutritional factors, which offers a promising model to identify news levers of regulation of this fraction and foster the identification of new feeding strategies to better control milk fat composition and feed efficiency. This review synthesizes data on the composition of the milk fat fraction in ruminant species, reports advances in nutritional strategies to alter their amounts and species‐specific responses to nutrition, as well as the potential effects on human health of the major and minor components of this fraction.

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Section: Composition Of the Milk Lipid Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

Bernard

Bonnet

Delavaud

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Unfortunately, as of yet, only a limited number of annotated genome sequences are available for the goat. In recent years, despite an increase in the number of proteomic investigations of various body fluids from the goat, identifying these proteins is recognized as a greater technical challenge [34]. In the absence of annotated protein databases, researchers are forced to extrapolate their data from the bovine genome or other mammalian protein databases [28].…”

Section: Bioinformaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Goat Milk

Olumee-Shabon¹,

Boehmer²

2018

Goat Science

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The advancement of electrophoresis and chromatography, along with technological developments in mass spectrometry, has widened the potential application of proteomics to study milk from smaller ruminants. The aim of this chapter is to provide an in-depth overview of the development and progress of proteomics applications in goat milk. After examining various proteomic approaches that are currently applied to this field, we narrow our focus on proteomic investigations of mastitis in goat milk. A summary of protein modulation in goat milk during experimentally-induced endotoxin mastitis is discussed. Because the molecular function of proteins is disrupted during disease due to changes in post-translational modifications, we also review the phosphorylation of caseins, which are the predominant phosphoproteins in milk, and discuss the implications of casein modifications during mastitis. These results offer new insights into the changes of protein expression in goat milk during infection.

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“…12 This gap in normative plasma chemistry data comparing non-pregnant and pregnant ewes necessitates extrapolating patterns of change from other ruminant species. 2,13 Using a commercial analyzer (Cobas Integra 800, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland), we determined plasma chemistry RIs during a precisely regulated ovarian cycle for non-pregnant 10 and pregnant ewes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy on plasma chemistry values in ewes

et al. 2018

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Normative data for plasma chemistry values in pregnant and non-pregnant reproductive age ewes are scant. Availability of data would aid monitoring of ewe health for both research and veterinary medicine. We determined specific plasma chemistry 95% confidence reference intervals (RIs) in non-pregnant and pregnant ewes. Mixed Western-breed ewes were grouped based on phase of ovarian cycle: luteal (n = 15), follicular (n = 17), or late-gestation pregnant (n = 102). Plasma samples were collected for analysis on a commercial biochemical analyzer. For RIs, chemistry panels for the 3 groups of ewes included nutrients and metabolites (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and bilirubin), enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), and micronutrients (calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, and chloride). Sample chemistry values for glucose and total protein in pregnant ewes were lower than in follicular ewes; cholesterol was lower in pregnant and luteal ewes than in follicular ewes. In addition, total bilirubin in pregnant ewes differed from that in luteal ewes, and that in follicular ewes also differed from luteal ewes. ALP in pregnant ewes was higher than other groups; phosphorus in pregnant ewes was lower than in luteal ewes. Iron was higher in pregnant ewes than in luteal ewes, with iron in luteal ewes lower than in follicular ewes. These data provide clinical RIs comparing pregnant and non-pregnant ewes for use in monitoring ewe health in both human research and veterinary medicine.

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Proteomics and Protein Analyses of Ovine and Caprine Body Fluids: Current Studies and Future Promises

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

Proteomic Analysis of Goat Milk

Impact of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy on plasma chemistry values in ewes

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