Various antibiotics are used in Albania for controlling of Mycoplasmas. The main groups of antibiotics with broad spectrum are the tetracycline group (Oxitetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Doxicycline), kinolone group (Enrofloxacine, Norfloxacine, Flumequine) and macrolide group (Tylosine, Erithromycine and Rovomycine). Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic which has not been used in Albania before. Tilmicosin is not being used in human medicine and it acts very well against Mycoplasmas with good results in the performance of birds. Considering that Tilmicosin is a specific antibiotic against some bacteria, particularly against Mycoplasmas, its use presents a great treatment possibility and it?s the right time to introduce it also in Albania. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Tilmicosin use on mycoplasmas control in broilers and the impact on the production efficiency. Both, control and experimental flock were Mg and Ms positive (ELISA?s test and Cultural control). The experimental results showed that the flock treated with Tilmicosin had a better control on mycoplasmas and better technical and economical results than the control flock. The antibiotic use resulted in a lower mortality rate in broilers compared to the untreated ones. Based on the results of the study some practical recommendations on the use of antibiotic Tilmicosin are also given.

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Our knowledge of the physiology and health of small ruminants, specifically sheep and goats, is frequently obtained by extrapolating information from other species, for example the cow. However, there are important genetic, physiological and anatomical differences between small and large ruminants that cannot be ignored. This review considers the advances that have been made in the investigation of sheep and goat physiology through the use of proteomic technologies. Proteomics is widely used to analyze clinically relevant body fluids for a number of animals to define productive traits and health status biomarkers as well as to monitor therapeutic interventions for infectious and metabolic diseases. Although the proteomes of body fluids have been described in detail for some animal species, there are few equivalent studies for sheep and goats. Nevertheless, the data now available for the proteomes of a range of body fluids in small ruminants have helped define new diagnostic and prognostic markers for these species. Moreover, these data are beneficial in studies where these small ruminants serve as models for human disease. However, despite the progress achieved to date, comprehensive data on the specific proteomes for many tissues and body fluids for sheep and goats remain scarce. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of small ruminant proteomic research and to demonstrate the potential benefits, as well as highlight the difficulties, of working with these animals.

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Small ruminants in Albania seem to have a great importance within the livestock sector. The small ruminants' populations count almost 2.7 million heads, out of which 1.8 million are sheep. The estimated value of the commercialized small livestock population is about 35 million Euros. The total value of the small ruminant population is estimated at 140 million Euros. More than 1.5 million heads of small ruminants are consumed each year in the local market. Import of small ruminant?s meat was at a level of 599 ton/year (2010 data). This study aimed the assessment of the production systems and economics of sheep husbandry in the southern regions of Albania. The different husbandry systems employed (transhumant, non transhumant, semi-intensive) showed only slight differences in terms of outputs, but not the expected differences regarding inputs (feeds) and corresponding costs (semi-intensive system). The economic assessment demonstrates very useful and interesting results. Overall Gross Margin per ewe and lambs at weaning was in the area of 6,369.00 ALL (1 Euro=136 Albanian Lek, ALL), the range of GM was enormous between different farms (3,042.6 ALL - 11,322.4 ALL), mainly caused by the large differences in feeding and labor costs per ewe.