Proteomics provides insights into biological pathways altered by plant growth promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza in sorghum grown in marginal soil

Abstract

Sorghum is an economically important crop, a model system for gene discovery and a biofuel source. Sorghum seedlings were subjected to three microbial treatments, plant growth promoting bacteria (B), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi mix with two Glomus species (G. aggregatum and G. etunicatum), Funelliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis (My), and B and My combined (My+B). Proteomic analysis was conducted followed by integration with metabolite, plant biomass and nutrient data. Out of 366 differentially expressed proteins in sorghum roots, 44 upregulated proteins overlapping among three treatment groups showed positive correlation with sorghum biomass or element uptake or both. Proteins upregulated only in B group include asparagine synthetase which showed negative correlation with biomass and uptake of elements. Phosphoribosyl amino imidazole succinocarboxamide protein with more than 50-fold change in My and My+B groups correlated positively with Ca, Cu, S and sucrose levels in roots. The B group showed the highest number of upregulated proteins among the three groups with negative correlation with sorghum biomass and element uptake. KEGG pathway analysis identified carbon fixation as the unique pathway associated with common upregulated proteins while biosynthesis of amino acids and fatty acid degradation were associated with common downregulated proteins. Protein-protein interaction analysis using STRING identified a major network with thirteen downregulated proteins. These findings suggest that plant-growth-promoting-bacteria alone or in combination with mycorrhiza enhanced radical scavenging system and increased levels of specific proteins thereby shifting the metabolism towards synthesis of carbohydrates resulting in sorghum biomass increase and uptake of nutrients.

Application Mycorrhizal Glomus sp 3 with P Fertilizer to Increase Rice Production of SRI Method and Intensified Soil Nutrient Content

“…The mycorrhizal hyphae has a strong effect on the high growth of sunflower plants Mycorrhizas combined with rhizospheric microorganisms increased nutrient uptake of maize compared to control. This supports the occurrence of changes in metabolic pathways identified during the symbiotic interaction of increased growth and nutrient uptake in plants [9]`…”

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Regulated Phyto and Microbial Beneficial Protein Interactions

“…The successful use of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture is correlated with reciprocal gene regulation between bacteria and plants during plant colonization. This gene regulation exerts phytobeneficial results on biomass, nutrient uptake and metabolite upregulation [1][2][3][4][5] on proteins and biological pathways [6], as well as on gene expression [7]. In the current study, the PGPR-Pseudomonas sp.…”

Proteomic analysis and interactions network in leaves of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal sorghum plants under water deficit

“…Under these conditions, TIM, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate kinase were up-regulated (Umeda et al, 1994). Triosephosphate isomerase has been largely documented in drought tolerance plants, like wheat (Caruso et al, 2009;Ge et al, 2012;Cheng et al, 2016), rice (Gorantla et al, 2007;Sharma et al, 2012), chickpea (Khanna et al, 2014), common-bean (Zadražnik et al, 2013), coffee (Menezes-Silva et al, 2017) and sorghum (Dhawi, Datta & Ramakrishna, 2017).…”

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Funneliformis mossae) improved performance of forage sorghum, prolonged lifespan, and significantly increased growth and protection against abiotic stress conditions (Sun, Shi & Ding, 2017). Sorghum grown in marginal soils and inoculated with four species of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus aggregatus, G. etunicatum, Funelliformis mossae and Rhizophagus irregularis), improved mineral nutrition (P, S, Fe, Ca, K, Cu, Zn) and activates a set of seven proteins (Dhawi, Datta & Ramakrishna, 2016;Dhawi, Datta & Ramakrishna, 2017). Recently, Symanczik et al (2018), demonstrated that Rhizophagus arabicus, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus endemic of arid ecosystems transfers more efficiently nitrogen and phosphorous than R. irregularis, strain from temperate climates in sorghum plants under drought conditions.…”