Proton conducting membranes based on cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)

Mikhailenko, Serguei D.; Wang, Keping; Kaliaguine, Serge; Xing, Peng; Robertson, Gilles P.; Guiver, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2004.01.004

Cited by 345 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, in order to achieve sufficient proton conductivity, the sulfonated aromatic polymer membranes should possess a high sulfonation level [8]. The increasing sulfonation level of the membranes leads to overfull swelling in water, as well as high methanol crossover [9]. Ideas to overcome these issues include preparing blended membranes, hybrid and/or composite membranes, grafted and cross-linked membranes, and pore-filling electrolyte membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

Mulijani¹,

Dahlan²,

Wulanawati³

2014

IJMMM

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Abstract-A novel Sulfonated Polystyrene (PSS) has been synthesized by sulfonation polystyrene waste for a comparative study of proton exchange membranes (PEM) that is intended for fuel cell applications. The degree of sulfonation (DS) of the sulfonated PS was determined using titration method. We systematically investigated the water uptake, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of the cross-linked membranes. The mass averaged molecular weights Mw of PSS was estimated from intrinsic viscosities measured in sulfuric acid solutions. A related homopolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of PSS were elucidated, and the effect of sulfonation level on the PSS FT-IR spectrum was studied. PSS membrane surface morphology was investigated by SEM and AFM.The highest of proton conductivity of the membrane in the temperature range of 25-750C was found to be 3.8 µS/cm Index Terms-AFM, FT-IR, fuel cell, polystyrene sulfonated, SEM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

Mulijani¹,

Dahlan²,

Wulanawati³

2014

IJMMM

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“…Still, for various spots on the sample a lower anisotropy is observed, indicating that NMP is not removed completely at 140°C. The difficult removal of NMP is due to its high boiling point, but also due to its favorable interactions with sulfonic acid groups [22,48].…”

Section: Solution Deposition With a Volatile And A Non-volatile Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reduction in stability becomes larger for a higher degree of sulfonation [20]. Generally, above 200°C, chemical decomposition of SPEEK starts to occur, which is initiated from the sulfonated domains [21,22]. Therefore, the thermal treatments that are frequently performed after formation of membranes to relieve stresses and remove solvents are challenging in the case of SPEEK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the thermal treatments that are frequently performed after formation of membranes to relieve stresses and remove solvents are challenging in the case of SPEEK. The effective removal of non-volatile, high boiling point casting solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is hindered [22] and alternative removal methods have been reported, such as rinsing out-of-DMSO in boiling water [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical anisotropy, molecular orientations, and internal stresses in thin sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) films

2015

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The thickness, the refractive index, and the optical anisotropy of thin sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) films, prepared by spin-coating or solvent deposition, have been investigated with spectroscopic ellipsometry. For not too high polymer concentrations (B5 wt%) and not too low spin speeds (C2000 rpm), the thicknesses of the films agree well with the scaling predicted by the model of Meyerhofer, when methanol or ethanol are used as solvent. The films exhibit uniaxial optical anisotropy with a higher in-plane refractive index, indicating a preferred orientation of the polymer chains in this in-plane direction. The radial shear forces that occur during the spin-coating process do not affect the refractive index and the extent of anisotropy. The anisotropy is due to internal stresses within the thin confined polymer film that are associated with the preferred orientations of the polymer chains. The internal stresses are reduced in the presence of a plasticizer, such as water or an organic solvent, and increase to their original value upon removal of such a plasticizer.

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“…Hybrid organic-inorganic protonconducting membranes have been considered, since inorganic oxide presents low alcohol permeability due to an increase of membrane barrier properties [23] . In order to evaluate their potential applications for hydrogen fuel cells, the proton conductivities of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes have been studied [24,25] . Kreuer reported recently microstructure differences between SPEEK and Nafion  , demonstrating SPEEK membrane advantages over Nafion  membranes for DAFCs applications such as excellent chemical resistance, high thermo-oxidative stability and low cost [25,26] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Polyelectrolytes Based on SPEEK/TiO2 for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs)

Filho¹,

Santos²,

Gomes³

2014

Polímeros

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Proton-conducting hybrid membranes consisting of poly(ether ether ketone) sulfonated (SPEEK) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) were prepared using the sol-gel technique for application in direct ethanol fuel cells. The effect from TiO 2 incorporation on membrane properties such as ethanol uptake, pervaporation and proton conductivity was investigated. The uptake and permeated flux decreased with increasing content of TiO 2 . The ethanol permeability was about one order of magnitude smaller than Nafion  117. FTIR spectra indicated that PEEK was sulfonated and the second degradation temperature of SPEEK58 samples confirmed the titanium oxide incorporation. The proton conductivity in ethanol solution was of the order of 10 -3 S cm -1 when 4 or 8 wt% TiO 2 were added, and generally increased with addition of TiO 2 .

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Proton conducting membranes based on cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)

Cited by 345 publications

References 6 publications

Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

Optical anisotropy, molecular orientations, and internal stresses in thin sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) films

Nanostructured Polyelectrolytes Based on SPEEK/TiO2 for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs)

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