Protozoans—the first food of larval herring (<i>Clupea harengus</i> L.)?

Spittler, P.; Brenning, U.; Arlt, Günter

doi:10.1002/iroh.19900750503

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Finally, biomass estimates of protozooplankton prey included all organisms between 10 and 200 µm and potential differences in food quality and prey preference were ignored. At Irish Sea stations, more than half of the total protozoan biomass consisted of cells <50 µm and yolk sac larvae of herring prefer prey sizes >29 µm (Spittler et al, 1990). This suggests that a narrow window of preferred prey sizes may have existed for the smallest larvae sampled in this study.…”

Section: Microzooplankton-herring Larvae Linkmentioning

confidence: 76%

Exploring the microzooplankton–ichthyoplankton link: a combined field and modeling study of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Irish Sea

Bils¹,

Moyano²,

Aberle

et al. 2016

J. Plankton Res.

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The microzooplankton-ichthyoplankton link remains poorly resolved in field studies due to a lack of simultaneous sampling of these predators and potential prey. This study compared the abundance, distribution and growth of larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and the abundance, biomass and composition of micro-and small mesozooplankton throughout the Irish Sea in November 2012 and 2013. In contrast to warmer months, microzooplankton biomass was highest in eastern areas, in the vicinity of the main spawning grounds of herring. Although the protozoan composition differed somewhat between years, dinoflagellates (e.g. Gymnodinium spp., Protoperidinium spp., Ceratium furca) dominated in abundance and/or biomass, similar to other temperate shelf seas in autumn/winter. Spatial differences in the protozoan community were strongly related to hydrographic characteristics (temperature, salinity). Significant relationships between the abundance of larval herring and dinoflagellates (positive) and copepodites (negative) suggested that complex grazing dynamics existed among lower trophic levels. When different, in situ size fractions of zooplankton were used as prey in a larval herring individual-based model, simulations that omitted protozooplankton under-predicted observed (biochemically-based) growth of 8-18 mm larvae. This study suggests that small planktonic organisms (20-300 µm) should be routinely surveyed to better understand factors affecting larval fish feeding, growth and survival.KEYWORDS: autumn-spawning herring; protozooplankton community; microzooplankton-ichthyoplankton link; individual-based model available online at academic.oup.com/plankt

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Section: Microzooplankton-herring Larvae Linkmentioning

confidence: 76%

Exploring the microzooplankton–ichthyoplankton link: a combined field and modeling study of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Irish Sea

Bils¹,

Moyano²,

Aberle

et al. 2016

J. Plankton Res.

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“…As larvae grow, they add various other items to their diet, such as Acartia spp. and Eurytemora affinis copepodites, cladocerans, cirriped nauplii, and gastropod and bivalve veliger larvae (Spittler et al 1990;Busch 1996;Hesse 2010;Lindegren et al 2011;Arula et al 2012;Paulsen et al 2016). Studies on herring populations elsewhere suggest that larvae can be very selective feeders targeting certain copepod species and stages (Checkley 1982;Pepin and Penney 1997;Robert et al 2014).…”

Section: Prey Abundance and Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Caught in the middle: bottom-up and top-down processes impacting recruitment in a small pelagic fish

Moyano

Eurich

Akimova

et al. 2022

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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Understanding the drivers behind fluctuations in fish populations remains a key objective in fishery science. Our predictive capacity to explain these fluctuations is still relatively low, due to the amalgam of interacting bottom-up and top-down factors, which vary across time and space among and within populations. Gaining a mechanistic understanding of these recruitment drivers requires a holistic approach, combining field, experimental and modelling efforts. Here, we use the Western Baltic Spring-Spawning (WBSS) herring (Clupea harengus) to exemplify the power of this holistic approach and the high complexity of the recruitment drivers (and their interactions). Since the early 2000s, low recruitment levels have promoted intense research on this stock. Our literature synthesis suggests that the major drivers are habitat compression of the spawning beds (due to eutrophication and coastal modification mainly) and warming, which indirectly leads to changes in spawning phenology, prey abundance and predation pressure. Other factors include increased intensity of extreme climate events and new predators in the system. Four main knowledge gaps were identified related to life-cycle migration and habitat use, population structure and demographics, life-stage specific impact of multi-stressors, and predator–prey interactions. Specific research topics within these areas are proposed, as well as the priority to support a sustainable management of the stock. Given that the Baltic Sea is severely impacted by warming, eutrophication and altered precipitation, WBSS herring could be a harbinger of potential effects of changing environmental drivers to the recruitment of small pelagic fishes in other coastal areas in the world. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut content analysis is only adequate for identifying prey items with hard parts, such as lorica (ciliates) or theca (dinoflagellates). Organisms that lack hard parts (e.g., aloricate ciliates and athecate dinoflagellates) are rapidly digested and are not identifiable in the gut contents (Spittler et al, 1990;Nagano et al, 2000;Figueiredo et al, 2007). Even if all prey items were discernible in the gut contents, there may be a high percentage of empty guts sampled as a result of regurgitation and ⁄ or defecation during the sampling process, which could lead to an underestimation of prey available to fish larvae (Figueiredo et al, 2005;Pepin and Dower, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding dynamics of larval Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) on natural prey assemblages: the importance of protists

Friedenberg¹,

Bollens

Rollwagen‐Bollens

2012

Fisheries Oceanography

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The role of protists in the diet of larval Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) was examined using a natural assemblage of microplankton (10-200 µm) in laboratory incubations in May and June of 2008. Available prey consisted of protists (diatoms, dinoflagellates, aloricate ciliates, and loricate ciliates) and metazoans (trochophores, bivalve larvae, rotifers, copepod nauplii, and gastropod larvae). We used a prey enumeration technique that included soft-bodied heterotrophic protists (aloricate ciliates and athecate dinoflagellates) in the diet. We observed significant consumption of aloricate ciliates, loricate ciliates, bivalve larvae, dinoflagellates, and 73-200 µm available prey. Clearance rates (ml larva -1 h -1 ) were used as a measure of prey selectivity. The herring larvae showed strong selection for bivalve larvae and 73-200 µm available prey. Protists were selected for at rates comparable to metazoans. Ingestion rates (µg C larva -1 h -1 ) showed that the majority of larval carbon intake was from diatoms and aloricate ciliates. The results of this study illustrate that there is a direct trophic link between larval iv herring and the microbial loop, and protists may comprise a substantial portion of the larval fish diet, possibly alleviating food limitation.

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Protozoans—the first food of larval herring (Clupea harengus L.)?

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Exploring the microzooplankton–ichthyoplankton link: a combined field and modeling study of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Irish Sea

Exploring the microzooplankton–ichthyoplankton link: a combined field and modeling study of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Irish Sea

Caught in the middle: bottom-up and top-down processes impacting recruitment in a small pelagic fish

Feeding dynamics of larval Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) on natural prey assemblages: the importance of protists

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