Proximate, mineral, amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin E, phytate phosphate and fibre composition of Mimusops zeyheri (Red Milkwood) seed

Abstract

Mimusops zeyheri, an indigenous tree widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, provides edible fruit. Research on the tree has focused on fruit pulp composition and uses. This study evaluated the nutritional potential of M. zeyheri seed by determining the proximate, fibre and phytate-phosphate content, the amino acid and fatty acid profiles and vitamin E content of the seed. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and ash constituted 91.1%, 88.3%, 9.3%, 25.6% and 2.8% of the seed mass respectively. Glutamic acid (1.29 g per 100 g) was the most abundant amino acid. Lysine and phenylalanine were low. Calcium (587.4 mg per 100 g) was the most concentrated macro-mineral assayed. Gross energy value was 24.34 MJ kg )1 . Lipid yield was 21.3%. Oleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid. Vitamin E concentration was about 2 lg g )1 . Phytate-phosphate content was 0.03%. Neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre constituted 33.2% and 15.3% respectively. M. zeyheri seed could be exploited as a dietary energy supplement and an oil source rich in oleic acid.

Underutilized African indigenous fruit trees and food–nutrition security: Opportunities, challenges, and prospects

“…It is rich source of vitamin c. (Chivandi, Davidson, Pretorius, & Erlwanger, 2011) It is a large, evergreen plant that may reach 15 m in height. (Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), 2012; Mabhaudhi, Chimonyo, Chibarabada, et al, 2017) Ripe fruits are often edible.…”

“…Fatty acids: Palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and behenic acid (Joseph et al, ) Antinutrient: Tannin, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor (Adesuyi, Elumm, Adaramola, & Nwokocha, 2012) Phytochemicals: Phenol, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides (Adesuyi et al, 2012) Mimusops zeyheri Sond Fatty acid: Palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid (Chivandi et al, 2011) Amino Acids: Arginine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, proline, hydroproline, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, and lysine (Chivandi et al, 2011) Parinari curatellifolia Planch.ex Benth.…”

The coastal red-milkwood ( Mimusops caffra ) seed: Proximate, mineral, amino acid and fatty acid composition

“…While the CP content of full fat M. caffra seed (10.02 ± 0.16%) was within the CP ranges reported by Li et al (2014) and Bhuiyan et al (2012) for maize grain, the DM, EE and ash content of the M. caffra seed were higher compared to those of maize grain. The full fat Mimusops zeyheri seed, an upland cousin of M. caffra, had a reported CP content of 9.3% (Chivandi et al, 2011a) which is comparable to that of the CP content of full fat M. caffra seed. However, when compared to the CP content of full fat seeds from other indigenous fruit bearing trees found in SSA, for example, Kigelia africana at 37.5% (Chivandi et al, 2011b), Ximenia caffra at 18.3% (Chivandi et al, 2012) and Terminalia sericea at 46.2% (Chivandi et al, 2013), M. caffra seed has lower CP content.…”

“…Although lower than the oil yield from sunflower and cotton seed, oil yield from M. caffra seed (26%) is comparable to soybean. When compared to M. zeyheri, its upland cousin, whose seed has a reported seed oil yield of 21.3% (Chivandi et al, 2011a(Chivandi et al, , 2011b, M. caffra seed has a higher seed oil yield. Due to its interesting fatty acid profile, the potential of M. caffra seed oil as a novelty raw material for community-based cottage industries needs to be explored.…”

Red milkwood (Mimusops zeyheri) seed meal can replace maize meal in Japanese quail finisher diets without compromising growth performance, feed economy and carcass yield

“…Sub-Saharan Africa is richly endowed with indigenous fruit bearing trees (IFBTs) whose seeds are potential sources of nutrients (Chivandi et al., 2010). The Red milkwood ( Mimusops zeyheri), an IFBT, is widely distributed in SSA ( Janick & Paull, 2008 ) and its fruit pulp is consumed by animals, birds and humans ( Chivandi, Davidson, Pretorius & Erlwanger, 2011 ). Findings from our laboratory have shown that the seed meal from dehulled M. zeyheri seed has a protein content (9.3%) similar to that of maize but a higher energy (24.34±0.56 MJ/kg DM vs 17 MJ/kg DM) and calcium content ( Chivandi, Davidson & Erlwanger, 2011 ).…”