PSON: A Serialization Format for IoT Sensor Networks

Luis, A. Morales Hernandez; Casares, Pablo; Cuadrado-Gallego, Juan J.; Patricio, Miguel Á.

doi:10.3390/s21134559

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Data transfer protocols and serialization techniques are popular topics in academia and industry [12][13][14]. Currently, there are a variety of data forms, each with its own applicable scenarios, advantages, and disadvantages.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lite2: A Schemaless Zero-Copy Serialization Format

Chen,

Guan,

Shuai

et al. 2024

Computers

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In the field of data transmission and storage, serialization formats play a crucial role by converting complex data structures into a byte stream that can be easily stored, transmitted, and reconstructed. Despite the myriad available serialization formats, ranging from JSON to Protobuf, each has limitations, particularly in balancing schema flexibility, performance, and data copying overhead. This paper introduces Lite2, a novel data serialization format that addresses these challenges by combining schemaless flexibility with the efficiency of zero-copy operations for flat or key–value pair data types. Unlike traditional formats that often require a predefined schema and involve significant data copying during serialization and deserialization, Lite2 offers a dynamic schemaless approach that eliminates unnecessary data copying, optimizing system performance and efficiency. Built upon a contiguously stored B-tree structure, Lite2 enables efficient data lookup and modification without deserialization, thereby achieving zero-copy operations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lite2: A Schemaless Zero-Copy Serialization Format

Chen,

Guan,

Shuai

et al. 2024

Computers

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“…Later, we will examine Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) [21]; this language has different roles as it serves as an extension to CBOR and define different data structures. Finally, we present a literature review of different binary formats commonly used for data representation on the internet [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Technical Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These objectives may not have been explicitly stated, but can be inferred from the context in which the format was first utilized. Examples of alternative binary formats with similar objectives include Protocol Buffers, designed by Google, PSON, Smile, and Message Services Data Transmission (MSDTP) [26,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Yet Another Compact Time Series Data Representation Using CBOR Templates (YACTS)

Sebastian

Lozada-Martínez

Papadopoulos

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is growing rapidly, while the IoT devices are being deployed massively. However, interoperability with information systems remains a major challenge for this accelerated device deployment. Furthermore, most of the time, IoT information is presented as Time Series (TS), and while the majority of the studies in the literature focus on the prediction, compression, or processing of TS, no standardized representation format has emerged. Moreover, apart from interoperability, IoT networks contain multiple constrained devices which are designed with limitations, e.g., processing power, memory, or battery life. Therefore, in order to reduce the interoperability challenges and increase the lifetime of IoT devices, this article introduces a new format for TS based on CBOR. The format exploits the compactness of CBOR by leveraging delta values to represent measurements, employing tags to represent variables, and utilizing templates to convert the TS data representation into the appropriate format for the cloud-based application. Moreover, we introduce a new refined and structured metadata to represent additional information for the measurements, then we provide a Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) code to validate the CBOR structures against our proposal, and finally, we present a detailed performance evaluation to validate the adaptability and the extensibility of our approach. Our performance evaluation results show that the actual data sent by IoT devices can be reduced by between 88% and 94% compared to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), between 82% and 91% compared to Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and ASN.1, and between 60% and 88% compared to Protocol buffers. At the same time, it can reduce Time-on-Air by between 84% and 94% when a Low PowerWide Area Networks (LPWAN) technology such as LoRaWAN is employed, leading to a 12-fold increase in battery life compared to CBOR format or between a 9-fold and 16-fold increase when compared to Protocol buffers and ASN.1, respectively. In addition, the proposed metadata represent an additional 0.5% of the overall data transmitted in cases where networks such as LPWAN or Wi-Fi are employed. Finally, the proposed template and data format provide a compact representation of TS that can significantly reduce the amount of data transmitted containing the same information, extend the battery life of IoT devices, and improve their lifetime. Moreover, the results show that the proposed approach is effective for different data types and it can be integrated seamlessly into existing IoT systems.

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“…Moreover, in many application environments of the Internet of Things (IoT), the sensor’s lifetime is critical. One important factor is its power supply [ 1 ]. The available resources are limited in the device, and achieving lower power consumption on the device is also important [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Control for Backlight Power-Saving Algorithm Using Motion Vectors from the Decoded Video Stream

Chen

Lin

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Backlight power-saving algorithms can reduce the power consumption of the display by adjusting the frame pixels with optimal clipping points under some tradeoff criteria. However, the computation for the selected clipping points can be complex. In this paper, a novel algorithm is created to reduce the computation time of the state-of-the-art backlight power-saving algorithms. If the current frame is similar to the previous frame, it is unnecessary to execute the backlight power-saving algorithm for the optimal clipping points, and the derived clipping point from the previous frame can be used for the current frame automatically. In this paper, the motion vector information was used as the measurement of the similarity between adjacent frames, where the generation of the motion vector information requires no extra complexity since it is generated to reconstruct the decoded frame pixels before the display. The experiments showed that the proposed work can reduce the running time of the state-of-the-art methods by 25.21% to 64.22%, while the performances are maintained; the differences with the state-of-the-art methods in PSNR are only 0.02~1.91 dB, and those in power are only −0.001~0.008 W.

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PSON: A Serialization Format for IoT Sensor Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Lite2: A Schemaless Zero-Copy Serialization Format

Lite2: A Schemaless Zero-Copy Serialization Format

Yet Another Compact Time Series Data Representation Using CBOR Templates (YACTS)

Fast Control for Backlight Power-Saving Algorithm Using Motion Vectors from the Decoded Video Stream

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