Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction following COVID-19 infection: evidence from 11 UK longitudinal population studies

Thompson, Ellen J; Stafford, Jean; Moltrecht, Bettina; Huggins, Charlotte; Kwong, Alex; Shaw, Richard; Zaninotto, Paola; Patel, Kalpesh; Silverwood, Richard; McElroy, Eoin; Pierce, Matthias; Green, Michael J.; Bowyer, Ruth C E; Maddock, Jane; Tilling, Kate; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Ploubidis, George B.; Porteous, David J.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Steves, Claire J.; Patalay, Praveetha

doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00307-8

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In line with these findings, evidence from the United States (23) showed that experiencing a COVID-19 infection was associated with an increased risk of common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression in the acute phase of the infection. This is also in agreement with multiple other studies reporting an elevation in mental health problems following infection [29][30][31][32]. Our study is, to our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to investigate the influence of recent COVID-19 diagnosis on depression and anxiety in Uganda and reinforces the fact that the month following an infection seems to be associated more strongly with depressive symptoms and anxiety than experiencing a COVID-19 infection at any point in the past [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis on depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda

Wafula

Ninsiima

Mendoza

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background An increase in mental health problems has been reported since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, and how recent COVID-19 diagnosis may influence risk of these conditions especially in low-income settings. In this study, we assessed the association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and depressive and anxiety symptoms among residents in an urban slum setting in Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 individuals in a slum settlement in Kampala, Uganda between April and May 2022. We assessed generalized anxiety and depression symptoms using two validated questionnaires. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, and self-reported recent COVID-19 diagnosis (in the previous 30 days). Using a modified Poisson regression, adjusted for age, sex, gender and household income, we separately provided prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results Overall, 33.8% and 13.4% of the participants met the depression and generalized anxiety screening criteria respectively. People with recent COVID-19 diagnosis were more likely to be depressed (53.1%) than those with no recent diagnosis (31.4%). Participants who were recently diagnosed with COVID-19 reported higher prevalence of anxiety (34.4%) compared to those with no recent diagnosis of COVID-19 (10.7%). After adjusting for confounding, recent diagnosis with COVID-19 was associated with depression (PR= 1.60, 95% CI 1.09 – 2.34) and anxiety (PR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.50 – 5.31) . Conclusion This study suggests an increased risk of depressive symptoms and GAD in adults following a COVID-19 diagnosis. We recommend additional mental health support for recently diagnosed persons. The long-term of COVID-19 on mental health effects also need to be investigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis on depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda

Wafula

Ninsiima

Mendoza

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…As their antibody results were known to the participants when they completed their questionnaires, it is not known if, or how, this knowledge impacted on the psychological scoring. Interestingly, there are recognised mechanisms whereby psychological status may impact on adaptive immune responses, although this has not been studied in the setting of co-existing immunotherapy 25,26 . However, irrespective of causation, assessment of distress is important as observational data has shown an association between neuropsychiatric diagnoses and poorer outcome to COVID-19 infection 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody prevalence after 3 or more COVID-19 vaccine doses in 23,000 immunosuppressed individuals: a cross-sectional study from MELODY

Pearce

Lim

Bythell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of spike-protein antibodies following at least 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses in immunocompromised individuals. Design Cross-sectional study using UK national disease registries of individuals with solid organ transplants (SOT), rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD) and lymphoid malignancies (LM). Setting: Participants were identified, invited and recruited at home by accessing the NHS Blood and Transplant Registry for those UK individuals who had received a SOT; and the National Disease Registration Service at NHS Digital for identifying individuals within England with RAIRD or LM. Participants: 101972 people were invited, 28411 recruited, and 23036 provided serological data, comprising 9927 SOT recipients, 6516 with RAIRD, and 6593 with LM. Interventions: Participants received a lateral flow immunoassay for spike-protein antibodies to perform at home together with an online questionnaire. Main outcome measures Odds of detectable IgG spike-protein antibodies in immunosuppressed cohorts following at least three COVID-19 vaccine doses by participant demographic, disease type, and treatment related characteristics Results: IgG spike-protein antibodies were undetectable in 23.3%, 14.1% and 20.7% of the SOT, RAIRD and LM cohorts, respectively. Participants had received three, four or ≥five vaccine doses at the time of testing in 28.5%, 61.8%, and 9.6%, respectively. In all groups, seropositivity was associated with younger age, higher number of vaccine doses and previous COVID-19 infection. Immunosuppressive medication reduced the likelihood of seropositivity: the lowest odds of seropositivity were found in SOT recipients receiving an anti-proliferative agent, calcineurin inhibitor and steroid concurrently, and those treated with anti-CD20 in the RAIRD and LM cohorts. Conclusions: Approximately one in five individuals with SOT, RAIRD and LM have no detectable IgG spike-protein antibodies despite three or more vaccines, but this proportion reduces with sequential booster doses. Choice of immunosuppressant and disease-type is strongly associated with serological response. Antibody testing could enable rapid identification of individuals who are most likely to benefit from additional COVID-19 interventions.

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“…As the number of people infected with COVID-19 has increased, so has the reporting of longterm symptoms (Long-COVID) in patients recovering from COVID-19. The symptoms of Long-COVID are diverse, with psychiatric and physical symptoms such as depression, poor concentration, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and fatigue making daily life difficult for patients after recovery [1][2][3][4][5] . Nevertheless, effective treatments for Long-COVID have not yet been identified, and doctors treating Long-COVID patients are exploring various treatment options.…”

Section: Indroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of fatigue in the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on depression following COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination: a before-after study

Kamamuta¹,

Tobisawa²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Patients recovering from COVID-19 often suffer long-term Long-COVID (e.g., depression, poor concentration, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and fatigue). Similar symptoms also rarely seem to occur after COVID-19 vaccination. There is still no effective treatment for these symptoms. We have had a clinical experience that patients presenting with psychiatric/physical symptoms due to COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination (defined as Long-COVID and Post-Vaccine patients) often recover after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and that TMS poorly heals depression in strongly fatigued patients. Aims: 1. Determine whether there are differences in background characteristics and symptoms between Long-COVID and Post-Vaccine patients; 2. Examine whether TMS led to an improvement in their symptoms; 3. Test the involvement of fatigue in the recovery of depression of Long-COVID and Post-Vaccine patients with TMS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the medical records of the outpatient clinic of Tokyo TMS Clinic. Results: 1. We found no differences in initial symptoms and courses of treatment between Long-COVID and Post-Vaccine patients. 2. All psychiatric/physical symptom scores after TMS were significantly better than before. Though these results are of before-and-after studies, numerous reports have suggested that TMS effectively improves depression, insomnia, anxiety, and related neuropsychiatric symptoms, which were also primary complaints of patients in this study. We thus attributed the improvement in QIDS, PHQ9 (Both indices of depression), and GAD7 (anxiety indicator) to TMS. 3. The recovery rate of depression in Long-Covid and Post-Vaccine patients with TMS decreased with the severity of fatigue. Conclusions: This is the first report to elucidate the efficacy of TMS and the factors affecting it for psychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Our study may lead to further validation of the effectiveness and mechanisms of TMS in patients suffering from Long-COVID and COVID-19 vaccine long-term adverse reactions.

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Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction following COVID-19 infection: evidence from 11 UK longitudinal population studies

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis on depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda

Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis on depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda

Antibody prevalence after 3 or more COVID-19 vaccine doses in 23,000 immunosuppressed individuals: a cross-sectional study from MELODY

Involvement of fatigue in the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on depression following COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination: a before-after study

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